Reliance Industries Limited · NSE:RELIANCE
Reliance Industries — Technical Presentation (July 2001)
171 slides from Reliance Industries's technical presentation, July 2001
Slide 1: “Green Plastics” – Plastics From Renewable Resources
1 “Green Plastics” ………. Plastics From Renewable Resources A Presentation By Dr. R. Rangaprasad & Dr. Y.B. Vasudeo Product Application & Research Centre Reliance Industries Limited July 2001 Next
Slide 2: What are green plastics?
2 are green plastics? Next
Slide 3: Contents of the Presentation
3 CONTENTS OF THE PRESENTATION •A Curtain Raiser •How Green Are Green Plastics? •Why are There So Many Synthetic & Only A Few Natural Polymers? •Executive Summary •Techno-Commercial Status •Price Economics •Key Properties - Comparisons Of Biopolymers With Conventional Commodity Thermoplastics
Slide 4: Contents of the Presentation
4 CONTENTS OF THE PRESENTATION •Biopolymers With Conventional Commodity Thermoplastics •Biopolymers - Definition •Definitions •If You Are Fed Up Of Unhealthy Sights, Welcome To The World of Biopolymers
Slide 5: Contents of the Presentation
5 CONTENTS OF THE PRESENTATION •Types Of Biopolymers •Examples Of Starch-Based Biopolymers •Examples Of Lactic Acid Biopolymers •Examples Of Biopolyesters •Examples of PVOH-Based Biopolymers •Examples of Wood-Based Biopolymers •Developments In Biomaterials For Advanced Medical Applications •Conclusi
Slide 6: A Curtain Raiser
6 A CURTAIN RAISER “It is now technologically possible to make plastics using green plants and biological organisms rather than fossil fuels” But are these new plastics the environmental saviours, researchers have hoped for? ….. Tillman U. Gerngross & Steven C. Slater Scientific American, June 1999
Slide 7: Green Plastics
7 GREEN PLASTICS • Plant-based & Microorganism-derived plastics would be “green” in two ways • It would be made from a renewable resource • It would eventually break down or “Biodegrade” upon disposal Go to Contents
Slide 8: How Green Are Green Plastics?
8 HOW GREEN ARE GREEN PLASTICS ? • Traditional manufacturing of plastics uses a surprisingly large amount of fossil fuel. Automobiles, trucks, jets and power plants account for more than 90 percent of the output from crude-oil refineries, but plastics consume the bulk of the remainder, around 80 mil
Slide 9: Why Are There So Many Synthetic & Only A Few Natural Polymers?
9 WHY ARE THERE SO MANY SYNTHETIC & ONLY A FEW NATURAL POLYMERS ? • The synthetic polymer is from origin a by-product from the oil refinery and as such an ending material. The Club of Rome warned in the 60's, that once this will happen, but because there is no tax on kerosene and no V.A.T. on fly ti
Slide 10: Executive Summary
10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • Presentation attempts to capture the latest developments in the area of biopolymers • Information presented is based on Internet Web Search • Attempt has been made to cover technological features, price, performance of commercial grade biopolymers • Cost / performance (claims
Slide 11: Techno-Commercial Status of Biodegradable Polymers
11 TECHNO-COMMERCIAL STATUS OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS • Total demand for biodegradable polymers in US, Europe and Japan was 40 million pounds in 1998 valued at $95 million • US accounted for about half of the world’s biodegradable polymers consumption, followed by W. Europe (40%) and Japan (10%) in
Slide 12: Price Economics of Currently Available Biopolymers
12 PRICE ECONOMICS OF CURRENTLY AVAILABLE BIOPOLYMERS • Lactic acid based biopolymers : 1.5 to 3.0 US $ per pound • PHB based polymers : 4 US $ per pound • Starch based biopolymers : 2.25 - 2.90 US $ per pound • Price of conventional thermoplastics : – Polyethylene : 700 - 800 USD/MT – Polypropylene
Slide 13: Key Properties Comparison of Resin With Conventional Polymers
13 KEY PROPERTIES COMPARISON OF RESIN WITH CONVENTIONAL POLYMERS COMPANY : BIOMER Polymer Tensile Strength Elongation at Break Modulus Biomer P226 24 19 1750 PP 22 12 - 20 600 -1200 Biomer L9000 70 2,5 3800 PS 30 - 50 2-4 3100 - 3500 Biomer P240 18 25 730 PE-LD 15 - 20 600 150 - 450 PE-HD 25 - 32 60
Slide 14: Key Properties Comparison With PP – Metabolix
14 KEY PROPERTIES COMPARISON WITH PP COMPANY : METABOLIX PHB PHO PP Melting Point (deg C) 180 61 176 Glass transition temperature (deg C) 5 -35 -10 Molecular weight (x1000 Da) 500 - 2000 130 200 Density (g/cm 3) 1.18 - 1.25 1.02 0.905 Crystallinity (%) 70 25 70 O2 permeability (cm3/m2/atom/day) 45 -
Slide 15: Comparison of Properties of PHA With PP
15 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF PHA WITH PP Parameter PP PHB Melting point Tm (deg C) 171 - 186 171 - 182 Glass transition temperature Tg (degC) -15 5 - 10 Crystallinity (%) 65 - 70 65 - 80 Density (g cm -3) 0.905 - 0.94 1.23 - 1.25 Molecular weight Mw (x10-5) 2.2 - 7 1-8 Molecular weight distributio
Slide 16: Biopolymers
16 BIOPOLYMERS • Polymers that are generated from renewable natural resources, are called biopolymers • They are biodegradable and not toxic to produce • They can be produced by biological systems (ie. microorganisms plants and animals) or chemically synthesized from biologically starting materials
Slide 17: Definitions
17 DEFINITIONS • Biodegradation – Degradation of a material where a biological agent (enzyme or microbe) is the dominant factor in the process • Bioerodible polymer – A water insoluble material that is converted under psychological conditions into a water soluble material(s) without regards to the s
Slide 18: If You Are Fed Up of These Unhealthy Sights
18 Plastic Pollution at Arabian Sea Shore - Mumbai (Dadar)--Plastic Pollution in Railway Track - Mumbai (Wadala) If You are fed up of these unhealthy sights ... PLEASE CLICK HERE
Slide 19: Welcome to the Fascinating World of Biopolymers
19 Welcome To The Fascinating World of “Biopolymers” Go to Contents
Slide 20: Types of Biopolymers
20 TYPES OF BIOPOLYMERS • Starch-based biopolymers • Lactic acid based biopolymers • Biopolyesters • Polyvinyl alcohol based biopolymers • Wood based biopolymers Go to Contents
Slide 21: Examples of Starch-Based Biopolymers
21 EXAMPLES OF STARCH-BASED BIOPOLYMERS Company Brand Name Biotec GmbH Bioplast VTT Chemical Technology COHPOL Groen Granulaat Ecoplast Japan Corn Starch Ltd. & Grand River Technology Evercorn Novamont SpA MaterBi Starch Tech. ReNEW Supol GmbH Supol Novon International Novon Next
Slide 22: Bioplast
22 BIOPLAST BIOTEC® distributes a new generation of thermoplastic granules with the brand name BIOPLAST® offering various functional properties. These granules can be processed on extrusion lines for blown film, film sheets, formed parts, profiles and injection molding to manufacture completely biod
Slide 23: Salient Features of Bioplast
23 SALIENT FEATURES OF BIOPLAST • BIOPLAST® is manufactured by compounding and melting starch and other completely biodegradable ingredients and then processed to a granule. • BIOPLAST® granules can be processed on only slightly modified machines for thermoplastic resins. BIOPLAST® is a biopolymer
Slide 24: Applications of Bioplast
24 APPLICATIONS OF BIOPLAST BIOPLAST® GF 103/11 Applications • agricultural films, • sacks, • tapes, • technical films, • bags, • shopping bags, • strings, • packaging films, • horticultural films, • packaging material for • nets mailing Next
Slide 25: Applications of Bioplast
25 APPLICATIONS OF BIOPLAST BIOPLAST® GF 105/50 Application: Tableware, trays, packaging, cup, planting pots BIOPLAST® GS 902/P Application: Cutlery, edge protectors, trays, boxes, accessories for flower arrangements, plant pots, packaging, golf tees, planters, mantling for candles Next
Slide 26: Key Properties of Bioplast Films
26 KEY PROPERTIES OF 20 MICRON BIOPLAST FILMS Characteristics Value Unit Test method Gauges of films 20 - 100 m DIN 53353 Tensile strength - MD (23 deg C, 50% r.h.) approx. 21 N/mm2 DIN 53455 Tensile strength - TD (23 deg C, 50% r.h.) approx. 21 N/mm2 DIN 53455 Elongation at break - MD approx. 900
Slide 27: COHPOL: Starch-Based Biopolymer Technology From Finland
27 COHPOL : NEW STARCH-BASED BIOPOLYMER TECHNOLOGY FROM FINLAND • COHPOL is the trade name for VTT Chemical Technology’s starch-based biopolymers, nine areas of technology protected by patents or patent applications, which cover the preparation methods for new biodegradable and compostable starch d
Slide 28: COHPOL: Starch-Based Biopolymer Technology From Finland
28 COHPOL : NEW STARCH-BASED BIOPOLYMER TECHNOLOGY FROM FINLAND • VTT Chemical Technology in Rajamäki, part of the Technical Research Centre of Finland, has a modern pilot plant where batches up to several hundred kilograms of starch derivatives and dispersion formulations are produced. Figure shows
Slide 29: COHPOL: Renewable Raw Material
29 COHPOL : RENEWABLE RAW MATERIAL • Biopolymer applications are emerging fast and expected to grow rapidly, particularly for one-trip and technical packaging, paper and board coating, adhesives, paints, agricultural and horticultural applications. Standards for safety, biodegradability and composta
Slide 30: What Is Ecoplast?
30 WHAT IS ECOPLAST ? • Ecoplast is a brand name of Groen Granulaat. The granules, virgin material, are their plastic and can be used in injection moulding machinery. In fact this material are biopolymers existing of vegetable parts to be harvested every year. Ecoplast is composed of wood dust, star
Slide 31: EverCorn
31 EVERCORNTM • Japan Corn Starch Co., Ltd. (JCS) and Grand River Technology (GRT), subsidiary of Michigan Biotechnology Institute, have founded a joint venture, EverCorn, Inc., in Michigan to develop a biodegradable plastics from corn starch. • The Characteristics of the New Material are : – Based
Slide 32: EverCorn: Its Position and Application
32 EVERCORN : ITS POSITION AND APPLICATION Position Ever Corn Resin is derived from natural polymer that is starch and is called Modified Starch Plastic. Ever Corn Resin is also friendly with Environment of Earth as follows : – Compostable and improve the soil as fertilizer – Carbon dioxide from com
Slide 33: EverCorn: Biodegradable Plastics Derived From Corn
33 EVERCORN : BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS DERIVED FROM CORN • Starch itself has no thermoplasticity and is decomposed by heating at 250°-260°C. However, EverCorn Resin (ECR) has thermoplasticity, though it is derived from corn starch. JCS has developed the new modification technology for starch by workin
Slide 34: EverCorn: Applications
34 EVERCORN : BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS DERIVED FROM CORN Application • Moldings such as Knife, Fork, Cup, Seedling pot, Golf tee, Stake and so on for Gardening or Industrial use • Paper lamination or coating and Hot melt adhesives • Foam product such as tray, packaging material etc. • Multi film or Fo
Slide 35: EverCorn Products: Possibility of Corn Starch
35 EVERCORN PRODUCTS : PURSUING THE UNLIMITED POSSIBLITY OF CORN STARCH • Corn starch is used for food or fermentation resource as it is and is converted to corn syrup or fructose by applying enzyme or acid conversion. Corn starch is used for food or fermentation resource as it is and is converted t
Slide 36: EverCorn Products: Possibility of Corn Starch
36 EVERCORN PRODUCTS : PURSUING THE UNLIMITED POSSIBLITY OF CORN STARCH Next
Slide 37: Mater-Bi: Characteristics & Environmental Benefits
37 MATER-BI : CHARACTERISTICS & ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS • Mainly derived from corn, wheat and potato starch, Mater-Bi products are thermoplastic materials which can be processed with the same machines traditionally used to process conventional plastics. • Mater-Bi physical and chemical properties are
Slide 38: Mater-Bi Characteristics & Properties
38 MATER-BI CHARACTERISTICS & PROPERTIES Mater-Bi strength • It is biodegradable, recyclable and compostable. • It can be used like conventional plastic materials. • It can be coloured with biodegradable Master Batches and with natural pigments. • It can be heat laminated to paper, cardboard, cotton
Slide 39: Mater-Bi: Production Plant and Technical Support
39 MATER-BI : PRODUCTION PLANT AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT • The production plant of Mater-Bi is located in Terni in the region of Umbria, Italy. The current production capacity of Novamont is 8.000 ton/year. Next
Slide 40: Mater-Bi: Packaging & Distribution
40 MATER-BI : PACKAGING & DISTRIBUTION • The standard packages for Mater-Bi resins are a 25 kg barrier bag and an octabin of approximately 600 kg. The packages ensure integrity and shelf life and guarantee proper moisture content of pellets. • Mater-Bi pellets are ready for use right from the bag: n
Slide 41: Mater-Bi: Classes & Grades
41 MATER-BI : CLASSES & GRADES • Under the Mater-Bi trade-mark Novamont produces different classes of biodegradable materials, all containing starch with different synthetic components. • Each class is available in several grades to meet the needs of specific applications. • Materials for extrusion
Slide 42: Mater-Bi: For Film & Sheets
42 MATER-BI : FOR FILM & SHEETS Next
Slide 43: Mater-Bi: Classes & Grades
43 MATER-BI : CLASSES & GRADES Other grades for diaper backheets, extrusion coating, fibres and sheet extrusion are available Next
Slide 44: StarchTech, Inc.
44 STARCHTECH, INC. • StarchTech, Inc. was founded on the principle that one can create a product for the environment and simultaneously build a profitable business. Through starch-based technology and the dedication of its people, StarchTech, Inc. focuses on the vision of commercializing environmen
Slide 45: StarchTech: Clean Green Packing
45 STARCHTECH, INC. : CLEAN GREEN PACKING • Clean Green Packing material is a starch-based, biodegradable product that dissolves with water or in a compost setting. This product has been accepted by the packaging industry and has stood the test of time and tactics from the plastics and recycling ind
Slide 46: StarchTech: Clean Green Packing
46 STARCHTECH, INC. : CLEAN GREEN PACKING • An Alternative To PolystyreneThat Makes More "Cents" Now And In The Long Run. Introducing Clean Green Packing. Degradable, reusable packing peanuts that are not only cost competitive, but cushions and protects just as well. These packing peanuts have none
Slide 47: StarchTech: ReNEW Resin
47 STARCHTECH, INC. : RENEW RESIN • StarchTech's newest product is a patent pending technology, which produces a starch-based resin for expansion into biodegradable packaging material via a small extruder. This resin is formulated for producing biodegradable packaging material in multiple locations.
Slide 48: StarchTech: Starch Plastic Resin
48 STARCHTECH, INC. STARCH PLASTIC RESIN • This patented technology produces starch-based resins used in injection molding and other manufacturing processes. These resins are formulated to produce ultimately degradable products that will perform similarly to standard plastics. StarchTech resins gene
Slide 49: Supol: Products and Range of Applications
49 SUPOL : PRODUCTS AND RANGE OF APPLICATIONS • Materials have been fully developed for some applications and are extensively working with interested parties to expand the range of applications. • Materials have been fully developed for some applications and are extensively working with interested p
Slide 50: Supol: Products and Range of Applications
50 SUPOL : PRODUCTS AND RANGE OF APPLICATIONS • Other applications in gardening and landscape design are beginning to evolve. • Comparatively inexpensive materials are, e.g. a good base material for flower pots. Moreover, there are some good approaches for the use of materials in the cemetery, in a
Slide 51: Supol: Products and Range of Applications
51 SUPOL : PRODUCTS AND RANGE OF APPLICATIONS • Other, mostly water proof material types that can withstand higher mechanical stresses are in the pipeline for much more demanding applications and requirements . • Applications in the field of transportation and packaging, e.g. foils or films, seem to
Slide 52: Examples of Lactic Acid Based Biopolymers
52 EXAMPLES OF LACTIC ACID BASED BIOPOLYMERS Company Brand Name Cargill Dow NatureWorks Arkhe Group Lacea Next
Slide 53: Cargill Dow LLC
53 CARGILL DOW LLC • Polymers with high L levels can be used to produce crystalline products, whereas the higher D materials (> 15%) are amorphous. • The following is a schematic of the various steps involved in going from corn kernel to various PLA products. Figure - Polylactic acid - A family of p
Slide 54: Cargill Dow LLC
54 CARGILL DOW LLC • Polylactic acid polymers from corn potential applications in the textile industry – The following are the key attributes that differentiate PLA from PET and these features are fueling the interest of PLA in several fibre & nonwoven applications. – Products from Polylactic based
Slide 55: Cargill Dow LLC: Packaging Attributes
55 CARGILL DOW LLC • Packaging Attributes : • The attributes of NatureWorks™ PLA make it a compelling alternative to traditional, disposable packaging. Often, it is the unique combination of attributes which makes NatureWorks™ PLA so attractive. These attributes include: – Versatility and processabi
Slide 56: Cargill Dow LLC: Attributes
56 CARGILL DOW LLC Attributes : • Some other attributes are : – Tensile strength and modulus similar to PET. – Excellent resistance to a wide range of greases, fats and oils. – Excellent printability. – Biodegradability: PLA biodegrades completely in compost condition. – Natural origin: PLA comes en
Slide 57: Cargill Dow LLC: Films
57 CARGILL DOW LLC Films NatureWorks™ PLA has proven performance in a broad range of film end-uses including: • High clarity/high stiffness films as an alternative to cellophane in uses from confectionery twist wrap to premium wrapping for flowers, toiletries and prestige gifts • Bags for compost an
Slide 58: Cargill Dow LLC: Rigid Thermoformed Containers
58 CARGILL DOW LLC Rigid Thermoformed Containers • In addition to outstanding gloss and clarity, the relative ease of processing that NatureWorks PLA exhibits in thermoforming enables it to be used for both conventional and form fill seal applications. Its stiffness enables down-gauging versus incum
Slide 59: Cargill Dow LLC: End-Use Markets
59 CARGILL DOW LLC End-Use Markets : • When the attributes of NatureWorks™ PLA are combined with its environmental benefits, the breadth of its appeal for use in consumer packaging applications becomes clear: End-Use Example Benefits 1. Dairy Viable alternative with additional disposal options 2. Ca
Slide 60: Cargill Dow LLC: Fibers
60 CARGILL DOW LLC • Fibers Attributes : • PLA is readily converted into a variety of fiber forms, using conventional melt-spinning processes. Mono component and bicomponent, continuous (flat and textured) and staple fibers of various types are easily produced. Fibers from PLA demonstrate excellent
Slide 61: Cargill Dow LLC
61 CARGILL DOW LLC • NatureWorks™ PLA is the first melt-processable natural- based fiber. When converted into fiber, PLA provides a "bridge" between natural fibers - such as wool, cotton and silk - and conventional synthetics. The result is a unique property spectrum for product creation. • Existing
Slide 62: Cargill Dow LLC
62 CARGILL DOW LLC • Clothing (activewear, intimate apparel, fashionwear, sportswear, tailored clothing, uniform and career apparel and underwear) • Wool, silk and cotton blends • Wipes • Carpet tiles • Diapers/acquisition distribution layers (ADL) • Feminine hygiene • Upholstery • Interior and outd
Slide 63: Cargill Dow LLC: BASF Dye Study
63 CARGILL DOW LLC BASF Dye Study on NatureWorks PLA • BASF, one of the leading chemical and textile dye supply companies in the world has conducted an independent study of the dyeability of NatureWorks PLA. This lab work has identified suitable dyes and application processes for producing a wide ra
Slide 64: Cargill Dow LLC: NatureWorks Fiber Applications
64 CARGILL DOW LLC NatureWorks Fibe Outperforms Polyester in Sporting Applications • Independent testing has confirmed that the apparel industry has a new, natural-based high performance fabric option for sporting applications. Laboratory testing by the globally respected Hohenstein Research Institu
Slide 65: Cargill Dow LLC
65 CARGILL DOW LLC • Developed by Cargill Dow, NatureWorks PLA technology produces the renewable resource-based resin that can be used in everyday items such as clothing, cups, food containers, candy wrappers, as well as home and office furnishings. The revolutionary technology allows the company to
Slide 66: Cargill Dow LLC
66 CARGILL DOW LLC • “NatureWorks PLA’s unique blend of physical properties make it a natural fit for replacing petroleum leader - packaging for Cargill Dow. Biocorp and Cargill Dow have teamed up to provide venues with a new solution for solving their waste disposable problems” • The resins offer a
Slide 67: LACEA
67 LACEA Plastics are Common in our Daily Lives • A few hundred years ago, when everything was made by hand from products taken from nature it was common for people to discard of their unwanted objects by tossing them in the woods, or burying them. • Everything went back to the earth. Now, a few hun
Slide 68: LACEA: Raw Materials Are Completely Natural
68 LACEA LACEA raw materials are Completely Natural • LACEA is a Lactic Acid Polymer derived from natural agricultural products such as corn, potatoes, sugar beets, rice, sugar cane, etc. • Lactic Acid, the primary component of LACEA has been used as a food additive for a long time. In addition to t
Slide 69: LACEA: Pellets Used in a Variety of Processes
69 LACEA LACEA Pellets Can Be Used in a Variety of Processes • LACEA is very versatile. It can be used as is in many different processes that are required to produce the kinds of plastic products we use in society today. Here are a few examples of the various processes that LACEA pellets can be subj
Slide 70: LACEA: Bioplastics Are Safe and Stable
70 LACEA LACEA Bioplastics Are Safe and Stable • When a 100micrometer film was subjected to the Weather -O- Meter Test, no changes in appearance or tensile strength were detected at 400hrs. • In the Outdoor Exposure Test, there were no changes in tensile strength for at least six months. • For the M
Slide 71: LACEA: Products Are Easily Degraded
71 LACEA LACEA Products are Easily Degraded • In a 4% caustic soda solution at 63C, a 50micrometer thick film was completely hydrolyzed in less than one hour. • In a simple saline solution at 37C, the samesample was hydrolyzed after only 35 months! • LACEA can also be recycled, used as compost with
Slide 72: LACEA
72 LACEA • Demonstration Lenses, Nose Pads, End tips, Temple and FramePlastic Bags made completely from LACEA bioplastic pellets. And what happens to that trash? Nothing. It remains, clogging up our waste disposal, creating environmental problems for the future generation. • With Demo lenses made of
Slide 73: LACEA End Tips
73 LACEA END TIPS • RAYSTAR , a 100% biodegradable corn-product for the customer who has a need for disposable eyewear. Next
Slide 74: LACEA Nose Pads
74 LACEA NOSE PADS • It is essential to have eyewear that fits right and is comfortable. • Everything hinges on the nose pad; literally. Without a nose pad that is adjustable to your specific nose, your eyewear will simply not feel right. • Nose pads come in a large array of designs, material, sizes
Slide 75: Examples of Biopolyesters
75 EXAMPLES OF BIOPOLYESTERS Company Brand Name Biomer Biomer DuPont Biomax Eastman Eastar Biocopolyester Mazin International Mazin Metabolix PHA Metabolix Bayer PlC BAK (Polyester amide) Next
Slide 76: Biomer
76 BIOMER • Injection molded articles made of renewable raw materials! • Biomer thermoplasts are polyesters obtained from renewable resources. • The products are waterproof, heat resistant, have appealing surfaces, and are fully biodegradable. • The pellets are processed on standard machines. • Plas
Slide 77: Biomer: Remarks on Biodegradation
77 BIOMER : REMARKS ON BIODEGRADATION • PHB is a biological storage material that is used by bacteria and fungi as feed source. The same is true for articles made of Biomer resins: they act as food supply to microorganisms and thus are biodegraded. • PHB serves as nutrient only, when phosphates, nit
Slide 78: Biomer: Remarks on Biodegradation
78 BIOMER : REMARKS ON BIODEGRADATION • The speed by which articles are biodegraded under the conditions specified above depends on the thickness of the article and on the ambient temperature: in the soil (mean temperature 8-15°C) the articles are biodegraded rather slowly (up to years), in a backya
Slide 79: DuPont Biomax
79 DUPONT BIOMAX • Raised on a diet of plastic cups, snack bags and gum wrappers. • Efforts to develop a truly practical biodegradable material are reaching fruition. • DuPont scientists have created an inexpensive polymer that decomposes without harm to the soil or the environment. • By now, the pr
Slide 80: DuPont Biomax
80 DUPONT BIOMAX • To meet this challenge, DuPont scientists have created a new family of highly versatile polymers based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) technology and known commercially as DuPont Biomax® hydro/biodegradable polyester. • Depending on the application, up to three proprietary ali
Slide 81: DuPont Biomax
81 DUPONT BIOMAX • A polyester that microbes find tasty. • Biomax® can be recycled, incinerated or landfilled, but is intended mainly for disposal by composting and in-soil degradation. • Researchers performed a series of tests to determine environmental impact, including plant germination and seedl
Slide 82: DuPont Biomax: How to Make Your Products Disappear
82 DUPONT BIOMAX How to make your products disappear. • The sheer number of potential applications for Biomax® is immense. Because it can be made into fibers, films or resins, it is suitable for a range of single-use products, including domestic wipes, yard waste bags, the top and back sheets of dis
Slide 83: DuPont Biomax
83 DUPONT BIOMAX • Product properties are diverse and customizable, but are generally tailored to mimic polyethylene or polypropylene. Biomax® is soft, pliable, low in noise and has a good hand. Melting points are high for a degradable material, generally around 200°C, which opens up a range of proc
Slide 84: Mazin: The Company
84 MAZIN : THE COMPANY • MAZIN, International was formed in 1996 as Corn Card International, Inc., a Nebraska Corporation. A contractual arrangement was entered with the University of Nebraska- Lincoln (UNL) to develop biodegradable polymers from corn resins. Successful product developments won the
Slide 85: Mazin: Polymer of Choice
85 MAZIN : POLYMER OF CHOICE • MAZIN's mission is to produce and market environmentally friendly short life products that provide shareholders and the Company planned, profitable and sustainable growth. The • Company designs, develops, manufacture and markets short life biodegradable products. • By
Slide 86: Mazin: Polymer of Choice
86 MAZIN : POLYMER OF CHOICE • Based upon MAZIN's historic and present involvement in bio-plastics, MAZIN has a significant head start in knowledge and applications related to bio-products. • The Company's product-market development model occurs in three stages. – The first stage identifies potentia
Slide 87: Mazin: Polymer of Choice
87 MAZIN : POLYMER OF CHOICE • Design and development efforts of a small scale injection cutlery mold have produced prototype cutlery in the form of a fork. However, a "spork" is anticapted as the first piece of cutlery to be introduced to the market. A "spork" is a spoon with fork tines attached to
Slide 88: Mazin: Intellectual Property
88 MAZIN : POLYMER OF CHOICE Intellectual Property • A strong and protected intellectual property base is important in the emerging; bio-products industry. Wheat resin has superior production and thermal properties in certain applications. • MAZIN has reached a strategic partnership with Wagtech Ind
Slide 89: Mazin: Product Advantages
89 MAZIN : PRODUCT ADVANTAGES • Higher glass transition temperature properties than other commercially available biodegradable resins. • Faster and more reliable biodegradation rates, other potential competing products require composting. MAZIN’s resin is biodegradable without composting, yet has a
Slide 90: Mazin Intl: Advantages
90 MAZIN INTL The MAZIN advantages include: • Higher glass transition temperature (high temperature strength) properties than other commercially available biopolymer resins. • Faster and more reliable biodegradation rates, other potential competing products require composting. Resin will degrade wit
Slide 91: Mazin Intl: Biodegradable Golf Tees
91 MAZIN INTL : BIODEGRADABLE GOLF TEES • Mazin International manufactures biodegradable golf tees sold under the trade name of Wheat Tees. • These bioplastic golf tees are: – Dispensable: Wheat Tees are designed to shatter on impact with mower blades. – Biodegradable: Wheat Tees disappear in soil w
Slide 92: Mazin Intl: Wheat Tees
92 MAZIN INTL : WHEAT TEES Wheat Tees are Tomorow's Tees . . . Today • WHEAT TEES® are distributed Wheat Tees of Lawrence, Kansas and are manufactured by Mazin International, Cairo,Nebraska • Due to the patented formula and unique molded design, these tees will shatter on impact with mower blades, n
Slide 93: Mazin Intl: Biodegradable Cutlery
93 MAZIN INTL : BIODEGRADABLE CUTLERY • Biodegradable cutlery made from Mazin International's bioplastic meets the need of institutions, zoos or anyone wanting to reduce solid waste. To save trees, pertroleum and the enviroment, use biodegradable cutlery. • Biodegradable cutlery, can provide heat-re
Slide 94: Mazin Intl: Injection Molding Facilities
94 MAZIN INTL BioPlastic and Coventional Plastic Injection Molding Facilities • Wagtech Tool & Design offers a comprehensive design, technical support and manufacturing facility producing small to large moldings in both basic and high specification engineering polymers. • Injection molding up to 250
Slide 95: Metabolix
95 METABOLIX • Metabolix is using life science technologies to forge new links between agriculture and industry, responding to society's call for renewable, sustainable products. The new links, which are provided by a class of natural polymers, known as PHAs, allow photosynthesis to be harnessed dir
Slide 96: Metabolix: PHA Production in E. coli
96 METABOLIX • Metabolix researchers have transferred proprietary genes for PHA production into the safe and widely used industrial microbial strain, Escherichia coli, where the new genes result in rapid production of high levels of polymer. • This strain, E. coli K12, is already the source of a num
Slide 97: Metabolix: Transgenic Fermentation Advantages
97 METABOLIX • Transgenic fermentation systems have several advantages over the non-engineered systems. As a result, the economics of PHA production are now more favorable than at any previous time. • Better polymer yields, easier recovery, and production of new copolymers are all enabled by the use
Slide 98: Metabolix: PHA Genes in Plants
98 METABOLIX • It has also been shown that transfer of the proprietary PHA genes into plants results in accumulation of PHA polymers in the new host. Current research aims to optimize expression of these genes and target polymer synthesis to easily processable tissues like the seeds or tubers. Polym
Slide 99: Metabolix: Properties
99 METABOLIX : PROPERTIES • The first PHA discovered was polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). It is the most abundant of the PHAs in nature. PHB is a highly crystalline thermoplastic sharing many properties with polypropylene (PP), as shown below. PHB can be processed using conventional equipment by extrusion
Slide 100: Metabolix: PHA Latexes
100 METABOLIX • In addition to producing PHAs in dry powder form for melt processing, Metabolix is also developing PHA latexes. These materials have unique film forming properties which are finding application in high performance applications as well as in more traditional commodity uses. • Metaboli
Slide 101: Metabolix: Biodegradability of PHAs
101 METABOLIX : BIODEGRABILITY OF PHAs • One of the properties that distinguishes PHAs from petroleum-based plastics is their biodegradability. • Produced naturally by soil bacteria, the PHAs are degraded upon subsequent exposure to soil, compost, or marine sediment. • Despite their biodegradability
Slide 102: Metabolix: Biodegradability of PHAs
102 METABOLIX : BIODEGRABILITY OF PHAs • Biodegradation of PHAs is dependent upon a number of factors such as the microbial activity of the environment and the exposed surface area. • In addition, temperature, pH, molecular weight and crystallinity are important factors. • Biodegradation starts when
Slide 103: Metabolix: Biodegradability of PHAs
103 METABOLIX : BIODEGRABILITY OF PHAs • A number of reports have demonstrated that PHAs are compostable over a wide range of environmental conditions. In one report, the maximum biodegradation rates were observed at moisture levels of 55% and temperatures of around 60°C -- conditions similar to tho
Slide 104: Examples of PVOH Based Biopolymers
104 EXAMPLES OF PVOH BASED BIOPOLYMERS Company Brand Name Planet Polymers Aquadro Environmental Polymers Ltd. Depart PVAXX PVAXX HydroleneHydrolene Next
Slide 105: Aquadro – Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Compound
105 AQUADRO® - POLYVINYL ALCOHOL BASED COMPOUND ("PVOH") • Planet's Aquadro® technology is a cost effective product solution that can be manufactured into blown film, extrusion cast film, and injection molded products. These resins are highly versatile and can be engineered for elastomeric or rigid
Slide 106: Environmental Polymers: A Great UK Invention
106 ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMERS : BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS - A GREAT UK INVENTION • The original company, Environmental Polymers Limited, was founded in 1989 and, since 1991 has enabled Ray Jack to develop this breakthrough in plastics technology. • This major advance in biodegradable technology has potent
Slide 107: Environmental Polymers: A Great UK Invention
107 ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMERS : BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS - A GREAT UK INVENTION • Environmental Polymers Limited has now matured into a international leader in biodegradable technology. Its partnership with the British Technology Group has ensured the long-term legal protection of its inventions. • There
Slide 108: Environmental Polymers: A Great UK Invention
108 ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMERS : BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS - A GREAT UK INVENTION • The company's innovative excellence has been highlighted recently by gaining a coveted Millennium Products prize and winning a SMART Award from the Department of Trade and Industry for research into agricultural application
Slide 109: Environmental Polymers: Advanced Biodegradable Polymer Technology
109 ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMERS A major step forward in advanced biodegradable polymer technology • The patented EP Technology encompasses both a novel extrusion process and formulation expertise to produce thermoplastic Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH) pellets called depart® which can be converted into film and
Slide 110: Environmental Polymers: Advanced Biodegradable Polymer Technology
110 ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMERS A major step forward in advanced biodegradable polymer technology • Transparent or coloured films can be produced which are flexible, exhibit high puncture resistance, possess excellent gas barrier characteristics and have good resistance to non-polar oils and chemicals. I
Slide 111: Environmental Polymers
111 ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMERS • EP poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) films canbe up to five times as strong as low density polyethylene films. The above chart shows the tensile strengths (tested according to ISO 527) of three types of plasticised PVOH in comparison with low density polyethylene • EP PVOH A, a
Slide 112: Environmental Polymers
112 ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMERS • Polyvinyl alcohol, (PVOH), is a synthetic organic polymer composed of repeating units of vinyl alcohol monomer. Polyvinyl alcohol cannot be prepared by the polymerisation of its corresponding monomer but, instead, is usually produced indirectly by alkaline hydrolysis of
Slide 113: Environmental Polymers: Properties
113 ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMERS Properties • The physical properties of commercial polyvinyl alcohol are related to four factors; – the molecular weight (the number of repeating monomers in each chain) – the degree of hydrolysis (the number of unconverted acetate molecules) – the degree & type of chain b
Slide 114: Environmental Polymers: Biodegradation
114 ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMERS Biodegradation • PVOH can be degraded using thermal, mechanical, photochemical, ultraviolet, biological and chemical processes. Regarding biodegradation, a number of micro-organisms, at least 20 different genera of bacteria and a number of moulds and yeasts have been shown
Slide 115: Environmental Polymers: Processability
115 ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMERS Processability • Unfortunately, the subtle characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol also make it very difficult to work with. For instance, the point at which it melts is very close to that at which it begins to irreversibly degrade and cross link. This means that traditional
Slide 116: Hydrolene
116 HYDROLENE • The vexed question of environmental pollution due to the massive use of plastic materials and the increasing pressure of the environmentalists on the government in order to ban common "plastics" from the several fields led the chemical industry to search for new ecological and recycl
Slide 117: Hydrolene
117 HYDROLENE • The chemical substance of base which led to the development of such a project is Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH), already known for its watersolubility characteristics and used in several specific fields, such as colloidal protection of other chemical substances in the textile and paper ind
Slide 118: Hydrolene: General Features
118 HYDROLENE : GENERAL FEATURES • HYDROLENE is a new generation of plastic materials with very specific technical, physical and mechanical characteristics much better than those of PE and PP. • But above all, it is characterised by the watersolubility and the biodegradability. HYDROLENE is watersol
Slide 119: Hydrolene: Certifications
119 HYDROLENE : CERTIFICATIONS • The tests carried out by some of the most qualified and renowned Institutes, such as the Faculty of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa, The Polytechnic Institute of Milan, the University of Essen in Germany, allow to assert that Hydrolene ei
Slide 120: Hydrolene: Morphological Aspects
120 HYDROLENE : MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS HYDROLENE has several morphologic aspects: Film, Pellet and Glue – The FILM Hydrofilm: it can be welded or glued; it can be coupled with paper; it can be cut; it can be printed and laminated. – The PELLET Hydropell: it is neutral or coloured, it can be printed t
Slide 121: Hydrolene: Morphological Aspects
121 HYDROLENE : MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS Next
Slide 122: PVAXX: What Is PVAXX Biocompostable Polymer?
122 PVAXX What is PVAXX Biocompostable Polymer? • PVAXX is a biocompostable polymers which is poised to transform the future direction of plastic processing and conversion. • PVAXX biodegrades and composts authentically into non- toxic residues. When subjected to aerobic or anaerobic action, the bac
Slide 123: PVAXX
123 PVAXX • PVAXX biodegradable polymers are the result of 10 year's research and development, now followed by manufacture in Europe from a new facility near Malmesbury in Wiltshire, England. • The initial six product types are ideal for the biodegradeability of: – Diapers – Plastic sacks – Burger b
Slide 124: PVAXX: Product Features
124 PVAXX : PRODUCT FEATURES • The key property of all PVAXX polymer is this product's unique capacity to biodegrade into non-toxic residues under both aerobic and non-aerobic conditions. This single property has the capacity to help resolve the fundamental ecological issue associated with the dispo
Slide 125: PVAXX: Product Features
125 PVAXX : PRODUCT FEATURES • When extruded, not only do special grades of PVAXX have outstanding absorbency properties, but the factor of biodegradability also makes PVAXX a natural choice for disposable products such as diapers and absorbent wipes • The physical properties of PVAXX are no less re
Slide 126: PVAXX: Product Features
126 PVAXX : PRODUCT FEATURES • PVAXX also possesses optimum properties as an imperviou gas/odour barrier and the consequences of this, in combination with the product’s inherent structural strength can simplify the co-injection preform structures of disposable pressurised bottles and containers. • I
Slide 127: PVAXX: Product Applications
127 PVAXX : PRODUCT APPLICATIONS • FIBRE EXTRUSION – absorbent pads/wipes, nappy/diaper textile components, solvent/chemical wipes, soluble netting and tablets for washing machines, mono/multi filament absorbent inclusion for clays and acrylics, net packaging wrap, embroidery processes • PROFILE / I
Slide 128: PVAXX: Product Applications
128 PVAXX : PRODUCT APPLICATIONS • HOT MELT ADHESIVES – film and coating adhesive for all corrugated PVA adhesive applications in packaging, (eg laminated board, corrugated cardboard), labelling, construction and re-sealable applications. • FILM APPLICATIONS – biodegradable or insoluble films for mu
Slide 129: PVAXX: Product Applications
129 PVAXX : PRODUCT APPLICATIONS • EXTRUSION & BLOW MOULDING – co-extrusion of toothpaste tubes, bottles (insoluble), 'one use' medical catheters (with differential solubility), co-extrusion gas barriers. mono moulding of bottles/cans for disposable oil cans, drinking straws, medical tubing, disposa
Slide 130: PVAXX: Technical Overview
130 PVAXX : TECHNICAL OVERVIEW • PVAXX Biocompostable Polymer is a thermoxidatively stabilised extrudable polymer with a flexural modulus similar to conventional polymers. • Key product features include high tensile and impact strength, excellent puncture and tear resistance, optimal gas and odour b
Slide 131: PVAXX: Technical Overview
131 PVAXX : TECHNICAL OVERVIEW • The manufacturing of PVAXX Biocompostable Polymer is also unique and for the first time enables large scale, commercial output of dry-resin pellets of consistent quality. • In conversion, other product qualities include optimum viscosity and melt flow, the absence of
Slide 132: PVAXX: Technical Overview (Data Sheet H60)
132 PVAXX : TECHNICAL OVERVIEW (Data sheet: H60) PROPERTY UNITS TEST METHOD VALUE STANDARD DEV Tensile Yield Stress Mpa ASTM D 638 28.7 1.5 Ultimate Tensile Strength Mpa ASTM D 638 11.5 0.8 Tensile Yield Elongation % ASTM D 638 No yield - Elongation at Break % ASTM D 638 No yield - Tensile Modulus M
Slide 133: PVAXX: Technical Overview
133 PVAXX : TECHNICAL OVERVIEW SCREW TYPE : single, full flight chrome plated with constant pitch, recommended but not mandatory. MELT FLOW PATH : chrome plated surfaces and gradual tapers to streamline the melt are recommended, but are not andatory BARREL TEMPERATURE: temperature profile between 18
Slide 134: PVAXX: Technical Overview (Data Sheet H65)
134 PVAXX : TECHNICAL OVERVIEW (Data Sheet : H65) PROPERTY UNITS TEST METHOD VALUE STANDARD DEV Tensile Yield Stress Mpa ASTM D 638 46.5 2.6 Ultimate Tensile Strength Mpa ASTM D 638 46 2.5 Tensile Yield Elongation % ASTM D 638 15 0.9 Elongation at Break % ASTM D 638 19 5.4 Tensile Modulus Mpa ASTM D
Slide 135: Examples of Bioplastics Derived From Wood
135 EXAMPLES OF BIOPLASTICS DERIVED FROM WOOD Company Brand Name Treeplast Treeplast Borregaard Deutschland GmbH Lignopol -- Arboform Enviroplastics EnviroplastZ Fasak Next
Slide 136: Treeplast
136 TREEPLAST • TREEPLAST® is a new material. It combines a two big advantages: – It has a natural appearance, touch and feel. – It has no shape restrictions. ° Because TREEPLAST is made from wood it is a fully renewable material. ° It can be processed in traditional plastic-processing machines. ° N
Slide 137: Treeplast
137 TREEPLAST • The standard version of TREEPLAST is absolutely natural, renewable and biodegradable. • TREEPLAST is made from wood chips (50%), with crushed corn • and natural resins. • TREEPLAST does not contain plastic! • TREEPLAST comes in different versions : – a fully biodegradable version, –
Slide 138: Treeplast
138 TREEPLAST • TREEPLAST can be used in new products for different reasons: – The natural appearance, touch and feel combined with the freedom in shape – The bio-degradability and renewability – The high density, and many others... – The final product can be finished like wood and has comparable po
Slide 139: Treeplast
139 TREEPLAST • The TREEPLAST-consortium (an international group of SME's and R&D institutes) is developing new TREEPLAST products – The raw materials are extruded to make TREEPLAST granulates, which can subsequently be processed in traditional plastic-processing machines. • TREEPLAST thus presents
Slide 140: Arboform
140 ARBOFORM • Top quality thermoplastics made of renewable raw materials • The starting point for a new thermoplastic material from renewable resources is lignin which is the second most common natural polymer after cellulose. • Inside the tree trunk it forms the scaffolding for the cellulose fibre
Slide 141: Arboform
141 ARBOFORM • If lignin is mixed with natural fibres from flax, hemp or other fibrous plants and then heated, the result is a mixture which can be processed to moulded parts or panels using conventional plastic processing machines in the same way as a synthetically produced thermoplastic material c
Slide 142: EnviroPlastic Z
142 ENVIROPLASTIC Z • EnviroPlastic®Z - The Company's patented EnviroPlastic® Z materials are biodegradable and compostable polymers based on the polymer cellulose acetate derived from trees, a natural renewable resource. • EnviroPlastic® Z materials are subjected to a high energy physical process t
Slide 143: EnviroPlastic Z: AQUAMIM Metal Injection Molding
143 ENVIROPLASTIC Z • AQUAMIM® - Metal Injection Molding AQUAMIM® is designed for the production of precision metal components utilizing a water debinding process, which eliminates the need for hazardous solvents or acids. • Feedstock is a mixture of metal powders and the Company’s proprietary water
Slide 144: EnviroPlastic: Controlled Release Technology
144 ENVIROPLASTIC Z • EnviroPlastic® - Controlled Release Technology Polymer coating technologies for use in agriculture. • The Company’s controlled-release technology is currently being utilized by Agway Inc. in a product known as OptigenTM 1200 as a concentrated source of controlled release nitrog
Slide 145: EnviroPlastic Z: Biodegradable and Compostable Polymers
145 ENVIROPLASTIC Z • EnviroPlastic®Z - Biodegradable and Compositable Polymers EnviroPlastic®Z is currently in use by a irrigation company as a degradable component of their sprinkler system. (Patent #5,505,830) • Aquadro® - Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Compound ("PVOH") Water dispersible, biodegradable
Slide 146: Fasal: Natural Materials and Packaging Technology
146 FASAL : NATURAL MATERIALS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY • Fasal ® - A thermoplastic wood material for injection moulding • FASAL - the injection moulding granules of renewable raw materials FASAL is a thermoplastic granulated material which contains about 50% wood, – e.g. waste wood or weak wood in c
Slide 147: Fasal: Production of the Granules
147 FASAL : NATURAL MATERIALS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY Production of the granules • After the addition of small amounts of pigments, lubricants and plasticizers, the dry blend is melted in an extruder and extruded. • The granules are produced by hot face cutting or in an extrusion granulator after c
Slide 148: Fasal: Easy Processing
148 FASAL : NATURAL MATERIALS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY Easy processing • FASAL can be processed on any conventional polymer injection moulding machine. Screw configurations with low compression ratios are recommended, as are screw tips with a small shearing effect, e.g. PVC tips or retarding element
Slide 149: Fasal: The Processing Temperature
149 FASAL : NATURAL MATERIALS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY The processing temperature • Apart from a thermostat for keeping the mould at constant temperature, FASAL requires no special additional equipment. The most frequent processing errors result from failure to observe the prescribed temperature pro
Slide 150: Fasal: Moulds and Surface Treatment
150 FASAL : NATURAL MATERIALS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY The moulds • In mould construction, the greater wall thicknesses and larger demoulding bevels should be noted since the material has virtually no shrinkage. With large quantities, a high-glass polish and hard chromium- plating are recommended ow
Slide 151: Fasal: The Wide Range of Types
151 FASAL : NATURAL MATERIALS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY The wide range of types • Apart from the described mixture FASAL F 134 based on pure natural substances, there are at present three further versions. Customers have often expressed a wish for types where easy handling and processibility are more
Slide 152: Fasal: Distribution and Treeplast
152 FASAL : NATURAL MATERIALS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY • Distribution of Fasal in German speaking and neighbouring eastern Countries: Werba OHG. • Treeplast – A CRAFT project dealing with product and mould design of parts from FASAL. The total consortium consists of 9 proposers (SME und RTD) involvi
Slide 153: Fasal: Some Applications
153 FASAL : SOME APPLICATIONS Next
Slide 154: LignoPol
154 LIGNOPOL LignoPol® - The Original Natural Thermoplastic Composite Borregaard LignoTech offers LignoPol®, a range of thermoplastic composites based entirely on natural, renewable raw materials..... ° The main components are lignin and natural fibres derived from timber and plants. LignoPol ® find
Slide 155: LignoPol: The Raw Materials
155 LIGNOPOL The Raw Materials • LignoPol® composites comprise lignin and natural fibres plus additives, also from natural sources. • Lignin is the binding agent in wood, constituting ±30% of the total biomass. The timber comes from forests in Northern Europe which are managed in accordance with int
Slide 156: LignoPol: Composite and Properties
156 LIGNOPOL The additives may be natural proteins, natural resins and other additives from natural, renewable sources. The LignoPol® Composite The components are mixed and then extruded to granulate. The granules are face cut strands, typically 3 mm in diameter and 4 - 6 mm in length. Other granula
Slide 157: LignoPol: Special Characteristics
157 LIGNOPOL Special characteristics: • Excellent resistance to varying temperatures and humidity. LignoPol ® passes the Automotive Industry's standard climate test cycle, the "Klima Wechsel Test". • Very low mould shrinkage, allows variation in wall thickness in the same article • Thermal expansion
Slide 158: LignoPol: Applications
158 LIGNOPOL Applications • LignoPol® replaces conventional, oil based thermoplastics such as polypropylene and ABS in many technical applications. • LignoPol® also finds new applications due to its unique properties. • One example is articles of veneered LignoPol® replacing solid wood. The automoti
Slide 159: LignoPol: Technical Service and Patent Position
159 LIGNOPOL Technical Service • LignoPol® is processed on standard machinery for thermoplastics. The processing parameters vary somewhat from those of synthetic thermoplastics such as PP and ABS. • One advantage of LignoPol® is the lower processing temperature which means shorter start-up time and
Slide 160: LignoPol: Material Data Table
160 LIGNOPOL Table width material data ARBOFORM Properties Unit Value range* Tensile strength N/mm2 10...22 Elongation at tear % 0,3...0,7 Modulus of eleasticity in tension N/mm2 1000...5000 Modulus of eleasticity in bendingl N/mm2 1000...5000 Bending stress N/mm2 10...50 Impact strength KJ/m2 2...5
Slide 161: Developments in Medical Polymers for Biomaterials Applications
161 DEVELOPMENTS IN MEDICAL POLYMERS FOR BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS • As materials designers confront the fundamental new biocompatible polymers is creating unprecedented excitement. A cartilage repair unit injection molded from biodegradable polylactide (PLA). Next
Slide 162: Developments in Medical Polymers: Applications
162 DEVELOPMENTS IN MEDICAL POLYMERS FOR BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS Among the prominent applications for biomaterials are: • Orthopedics—joint replacements (hip, knee), bone cements, bone defect fillers, fracture fixation plates, and artificial tendons and ligaments. • Cardiovascular—vascular grafts,
Slide 163: Biodegradable Polymers for Tissue Engineering
163 BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING • One area of intense research activity is the use of biodegradable polymers for tissue engineering, which can be defined as "the application of engineering principles to create devices for the study, restoration, modification, and assembly of functi
Slide 164: Combinatorial and Supramolecular Chemistry
164 COMBINATORIAL AND SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY • A product of revolutionary advances in molecular biology, microfabrication, and information technology, combinatorial chemistry is an emerging discipline of tremendous potential for pharmacological design, biomaterials development, and the entire real
Slide 165: Polyrotaxanes & Other Supramolecular Polymers
165 POLYROTAXANES & OTHER SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMER Polyrotaxanes and other supramolecular polymer structures can be designed to mimic nanoscale systems in nature. Next
Slide 166: Intelligent Materials
166 INTELLIGENT MATERIALS • The polyrotaxane polymers described above can be considered intelligent biomaterials insofar as they can function in a manner similar to molecular structures in the body. Other intelligent materials currently under development include hydrogels exhibiting critical behavio
Slide 167: Hydrogel System
167 HYDROGEL SYSTEM The porous surface of the P(MAA-g-EG) hydrogel system responds to the presence of glucose. Next
Slide 168: Protein-Based Polymers
168 PROTEIN-BASED POLYMERS • A series of recently introduced casein- and soy-based biodegradable thermoplastics have recently joined collagen as a source of natural protein-based biomaterials. • In comparison withollagen, however, these polymers are less susceptible to thermal degradation, can be ea
Slide 169: Protein-Based Electronics Envisioned
169 PROTEIN-BASED ELECTRONICS ENVISIONED • A naturally occurring protein may serve as the basis for development of advanced optical switching, optical data storage and holography applications. When irradiated with visible light, bacteriorhodopsin (BR) absorbs light and proceeds through a complex cyc
Slide 170: Conclusion
170 CONCLUSION • The discovery of novel polymeric biomaterials—and the refinement of traditional ones—is creating a thoroughly unprecedented excitement in the field as polymer chemists and other materials designers increasingly confront many of the fundamental challenges of medical science. • As the
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