Swiss Re Ag · SIX:SREN
Swiss Re — Technical Presentation (October 2019)
14 slides from Swiss Re's technical presentation, Oct 9, 2019
Slide 1: On the occurrence of earthquakes and their global characteristics
On the occurrence of earthquakes and their global characteristics Läslo G. Evers
Slide 2: Earth: a hot sphere
Earth: a hot sphere › The solid earth is slowly cooling (5 billion years) › Heat was captured during its formation and still generated by radioactivity › Heat is driving plate tectonics Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut 2 9 October 2019
Slide 3: The evolution of Pangaea
The evolution of Pangaea › The super continent Pangaea broke up › Laurasia and Gondwana precursors › Current tectonic plates were formed Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut 3 9 October 2019
Slide 4: Current plate tectonics
Current plate tectonics › Zones of convergence and divergence › Plate movements in the order of cm/year Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut 4 9 October 2019
Slide 5: Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut 9 October 2019
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut 5 9 October 2019
Slide 6: Recycling of the earth's crust
Recycling of the earth’s crust › Zones of convergence and divergence › Crust is created, then subducts and is recycled through the earth’s mantle Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut 6 9 October 2019
Slide 7: Global seismic hazard map
GLOBAL SEISMIC HAZARD MAP ILP Produced by the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP), ING a demonstration project of the UN/International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction, conducted by the International Lithosphere Program. Global map assembled by D. Giardini, G. Grünthal, K. Shedlock,
Slide 8: Richter scale
Richter scale › The measured amplitude by a seismometer represents the strength › Logarithmic scale: x1 increase in amplitude means x10 in strength and x31 in energy release › Scale from 1 to 9 (and larger) Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut 8 9 October 2019
Slide 9: Mercalli intensity
Mercalli intensity › Mercalli scale (or MMI) represents the effect of earthquake › Measured by strong motion, i.e., accelerometers instead of seismometers › Scale from 1 to 12 Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut 9 9 October 2019
Slide 10: Shakemaps
Shakemaps › Shakemaps show the actual impact of an earthquake › Include radiation pattern and local near surface geology Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut 10 9 October 2019
Slide 11: International Monitoring System
preparatory commission for the INTERNATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty organization GLOBAL OVERVIEW - CERTIFIED STATIONS AND NON-CERTIFIED STATIONS 08 OCTOBER 2019 AS072 RN15 IS18 RN49 AS016 AS073 RN55 AS091 AS090 IS53 AS017 IS37 PS28 PS34 RN57 PS49 AS027 AS038 RN76 PS0
Slide 12: Imagery ©2019 NASA,
Imagery ©2019 NASA,
Slide 13: Earthquake statistics
Earthquake statistics › Natural earthquakes follow the Gutenberg-Richter relation › Reported apparent increases in activity are due to instrumentation Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut 13 9 October 2019
Slide 14: The future?
The future? › In 250 Myrs: Pangaea proxima, Pangaea ultima? › Earthquakes will keep releasing the stress Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut 14 9 October 2019