Sensata Technologies Holding plc · NYSE:ST
Sensata Technologies — Technical Presentation (November 2002)
24 slides from Sensata Technologies's technical presentation, Nov 6, 2002
Slide 1: Arc Fault Protection - Concept to Specification
Arc Fault Protection - Concept to Specification Michael Lavado - Product Design Engineer, PE Christian Pellon - Design Engineering R&D Manager, PE 6 November 2002 MJL
Slide 2: Arc Fault Protection - Concept to Specification
Arc Fault Protection - Concept to Specification ● Background ● Concept ● Specification ● Test Method 6 November 2002 MJL
Slide 3: Background
BACKGROUND ● 42 volt systems are being developed to meet ever growing power requirements ● 42 volt systems are more prone to sustained arcing than 12/14 volt system ● More sustained arcing environment may lead to the following issues: loss of function of the affected circuit loss of function of circ
Slide 4: Concept – Algorithm Development
CONCEPT – Algorithm Development Arc fault protection will minimize: - the energy discharged by the arcing event - the damage associated with the arc - the likelihood and extent of personal injury/property damage To accomplish this the arc fault protection must distinguish damaging arcs from: - norma
Slide 5: Concept – Algorithm Development
CONCEPT – Algorithm Development Algorithms must: - be developed and proven with rigorous experimentation, based on a broad knowledge of the loads and faults expected on the circuits within the system to be protected. - differentiate between the fundamental characteristics of the unwanted arcing and
Slide 6: Concept - Prototype Hardware Development
CONCEPT - Prototype Hardware Development The algorithm development must continue with further testing performed on flexible prototype hardware, with predictable performance during transition to firmer production hardware. Essential - Rapid assessment of algorithm and algorithm variable change - Mini
Slide 7: Specification – General Application Considerations
SPECIFICATION – General Application Considerations Strong link between the specification & application is essential to delivery of a product that delivers the highest possible value to any application. A weak link: - Does not cover as much of the application requirements as possible predisposed to f
Slide 8: Specification – Algorithm Considerations
SPECIFICATION – Algorithm Considerations The algorithm should be developed at the same time that the specification is defined. Simultaneous development reduces the likelihood of costly mismatches between the algorithm and the specification. Some of the algorithm details that could effect arc fault t
Slide 9: Specification - Arc Detection Considerations
SPECIFICATION - Arc Detection Considerations The nature of the technology that detects arcs amplifies the difficulties associated with the best balance in a specification. Arc fault technologies must account for highly variable arcing characteristics. Such variations preclude any given arc fault tec
Slide 10: Specification - Arc Detection Considerations
SPECIFICATION - Arc Detection Considerations One of the aspects of arc fault performance specification that is occasionally confusing is its reliance on the fundamental random nature of arcing events. A performance-based specification relies on functional testing to characterize product performance
Slide 11: Specification: Random Testing vs. Targeted Repeatable Testing
SPECIFICATION To illustrate this point please consider a two-dimensional performance model. In this performance model the worst case performance is experienced at the minimum and maximum for that dimension, in other words if it meets its specification requirements at X1 and X2 it will meet them at a
Slide 12: Specification
SPECIFICATION To illustrate this point please consider a two-dimensional performance model. In this performance model the worst case performance is experienced at the minimum and maximum for that dimension, in other words if it meets its specification requirements at X1 and X2 it will meet them at a
Slide 13: Test Method - General
TEST METHOD - General There are three major categories of testing performed to characterize the performance of arc fault detection devices. - arc detection tests - nuisance load verification - operation inhibition testing. There are two major methodologies - electronic or wave form testing - live te
Slide 14: Test Method – Wave Form Testing
TEST METHOD – Wave Form Testing Wave form testing captures current and voltage traces from arcing and nuisance load events performed in the application or in the lab. These traces are then replicated with a wave form generator and applied to the device under test. This approach can be used on the fu
Slide 15: Test Method – Live Testing
TEST METHOD – Live Testing Live testing exposes the DUT to actual arcing and nuisance load situations. Technical Benefits - the DUT is exposed to all of the characteristics of the arc or nuisance load. Logistical Benefits - live testing is much easier to specify than wave form testing Disadvantages
Slide 16: Test Method - Point Contact/Guillotine
TEST METHOD - Point Contact/Guillotine The most recurring test for arc fault protection. Simulate bridging by a metal conductor after insulation has chafed away. A metal blade damages the insulation and bridges the gap between the conductors of two insulated wires at different potentials. 6 November
Slide 17: Test Method - Point Contact/Guillotine
TEST METHOD - Point Contact/Guillotine Inexpensive to tool and to setup Runs quick Requires an oscilloscope record of the run to determine whether the DUT has met specification requirements. Pass Fail Criteria - typically defined in terms of clearing time - commercial and aerospace AC specifications
Slide 18: Test Method – Carbonized Path
TEST METHOD – Carbonized Path Simulate conductive contamination bridging aged insulation. During carbonized path testing the wire samples are first prepared as follows: - the insulation is damaged on two insulated wires - attach the two wires together, if not already integral, such that the damaged
Slide 19: Test Method – Wet Arc
TEST METHOD – Wet Arc Simulate fluid electrolyte contamination of aged wiring. Based on a wire insulation test, MIL-STD-2223, Method 3006 Uses a seven-wire wire bundle The insulation on two of the wires is damaged, by removing the all of insulation on the full circumference The windows of exposed co
Slide 20: Test Method – Wet Arc
TEST METHOD – Wet Arc The arc is then initiated by a slow drip of electrolytic solution of salt and water with a potential difference between the conductors of the two windowed wires This test can be conducted at various potentials and available fault current. Pass-Fail Criteria - must preclude dama
Slide 21: Test Method – Loose Terminal
TEST METHOD – Loose Terminal Simulate a loose screw type terminal connection A number of loose terminal connections are installed between the DUT and a resistive load. The array of loose terminals are then vibrated to simulate the vibration environment on the airplane, which initiates the arcing at
Slide 22: Test Method – Loose Terminal
TEST METHOD – Loose Terminal 6 November 2002 MJL
Slide 23: Test Method – Arc Inhibition or Masking
TEST METHOD – Arc Inhibition or Masking A series of tests that insures that DUT can perform it’s intended function in the application. Runs most, if not all, of the arc detection testing required in combination with typical loads that will be experienced in application. High amp testing is run in pa
Slide 24: Conclusion
CONCLUSION Strong Link between Specification and Application Wave Form vs. Live Testing Library of Test Methods Available 6 November 2002 MJL
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