Slb Limited · NYSE:SLB
Slb — SBC Energy Institute — Technical Presentation (February 2014)
68 slides from Slb's technical presentation, February 2014
Slide 1: Hydrogen-Based Energy Conversion
LEADING THE ENERGY TRANSITION PRESENTATION Hydrogen-Based Energy Conversion More than Storage: System Flexibility SBC Energy Institute February 2014
Slide 2: Introduction: About the SBC Energy Institute
INTRODUCTION Compiled by the SBC Energy Institute About the SBC Energy Institute The SBC Energy Institute [SEI] has been created to generate and promote understanding of the current and future energy technologies that will be needed to provide a safe, secure and reliable mix as world energy supply s
Slide 3: Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Making the case for hydrogen conversion..................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 The need for flexibility............................................................................................
Slide 4: 1. Making the case for hydrogen conversion
1. Making the case for hydrogen conversion 3
Slide 5: Wind and solar PV at the forefront of power-sector decarbonization
MAKING THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN CONVERSION – THE NEED FOR FLEXIBILITY Wind and solar photovoltaic are at the forefront of power-sector decarbonization and set to expand rapidly WIND & SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] TECHNOLOGIES LIFTING OFF (ESTIMATES FOR 2013-2017) Capacities in GW (left axis) and generation
Slide 6: Variable wind and solar output increases the need for flexibility
MAKING THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN CONVERSION – THE NEED FOR FLEXIBILITY The variable output of wind and solar PV makes demand-supply matching more difficult and increases the need for flexibility within the system WIND & SOLAR GENERATION VS. DEMAND IN NORTHERN GERMANY MW, December 2012 on the 50Hertz Ope
Slide 7: New flexibility resources must be developed alongside dispatchable plants
MAKING THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN CONVERSION – THE NEED FOR FLEXIBILITY New flexibility resources must be developed in addition to dispatchable power plants POWER SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY MANAGEMENT1 FLEXIBILITY NEEDS FLEXIBILITY RESOURCES Demand variability Dispatchable power and uncertainty plants Electricit
Slide 8: Electricity storage deployment is embryonic beyond pumped hydro
MAKING THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN CONVERSION – THE NEED FOR FLEXIBILITY With the exception of pumped hydro storage, the deployment of electricity storage is at an embryonic stage TOTAL ELECTRICITY STORAGE POWER CAPACITY ELECTRICITY STORAGE CAPACITY EXCLUDING PHS1 MW, 2012 MW, 2012 Pumped hydro storage Fl
Slide 9: Storage technology features must match application requirements
MAKING THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN CONVERSION – THE NEED FOR FLEXIBILITY The features of storage technologies must be matched to the requirements of various applications STORAGE APPLICATIONS REQUIREMENTS2 ELECTRICITY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES’ FEATURES Discharge time vs. power requirements (MW) Discharge time
Slide 10: Hydrogen energy storage based on conversion by water electrolysis
MAKING THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN CONVERSION – HYDROGEN-BASED CONVERSION SOLUTIONS Hydrogen energy storage solutions are based on the conversion of electricity into a new energy carrier, hydrogen, by means of water electrolysis HYDROGEN-BASED STORAGE SYSTEM - SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION CHARGE STORE DISCHAR
Slide 11: Hydrogen's versatility opens alternatives for electricity storage
MAKING THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN CONVERSION – HYDROGEN-BASED CONVERSION SOLUTIONS Exploiting hydrogen’s versatility, chemical energy storage opens up alternatives to the usual approach to electricity storage SIMPLIFIED VALUE CHAIN OF HYDROGEN-BASED ENERGY CONVERSION SOLUTIONS1 Gas Gas network network* H
Slide 12: Time: hydrogen suited to large-scale, long-term re-electrification
MAKING THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN CONVERSION – HYDROGEN-BASED CONVERSION SOLUTIONS Time: the physical properties of hydrogen make it particularly suited to large- scale, long-term re-electrification applications COMPARISON BETWEEN HYDROGEN AND CONVENTIONAL STORAGE – ILLUSTRATIVE SIMULATION MW, 50 Hertz D
Slide 13: Location: alternative infrastructure for energy transport
MAKING THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN CONVERSION – HYDROGEN-BASED CONVERSION SOLUTIONS Location: converting electricity to a new energy carrier enables extracted energy to be transported through alternative infrastructure HYDROGEN-BASED ENERGY TRANSPORT ROUTES1 Methanation Storage Methanation Wind farm Elect
Slide 14: Applications beyond providing electricity to the grid
MAKING THE CASE FOR HYDROGEN CONVERSION – HYDROGEN-BASED CONVERSION SOLUTIONS Application: hydrogen-based energy storage solutions are not restricted to providing electricity back to the grid ENERGY CARRIER DISTRIBUTION BY END-USE, 2009 AND 2050 (IEA’S 2DS SCENARIO1) ExaJoules Electricity is only a
Slide 15: 2. Techno-economic analysis of the H2 value chain
2. Techno-economic analysis of the H2 value chain 14
Slide 16: Electrolyzers tolerating variable loads are a prerequisite
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – WATER ELECTROLYSIS Electrolyzers capable of tolerating variable loads are pre-requisites for hydrogen- based storage solutions HISTORY OF WATER ELECTROLYSIS Although continuous-load water electrolysis is a mature technology, the need for electrolysis
Slide 17: Proton exchange membrane momentum among electrolyzer types
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – WATER ELECTROLYSIS The momentum is with proton exchange membrane technology because of its ability to withstand variable electric loads and to supply pressurized H2 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE THREE TYPES OF ELECTROLYZERS Alkaline, proton exchange
Slide 18: Electricity price spreads too narrow for arbitrage savings
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – WATER ELECTROLYSIS At present, electricity price spreads on the spot markets are still too narrow to enable significant hydrogen-production cost reductions through price arbitrage LEVELIZED COSTS OF HYDROGEN [LCOH] OF A GRID-CONNECTED ELECTROLYSIS PLA
Slide 19: Lowering manufacturing costs matters more than efficiency for LCOH
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – WATER ELECTROLYSIS The priority is to lower manufacturing costs, which have a greater impact than efficiency on the LCOH, if the electrolyzer is operated highly discontinuously LEVELIZED COSTS OF HYDROGEN [LCOH] OF A GRID-CONNECTED ELECTROLYSIS PLANT
Slide 20: Hydrogen must be conditioned before storage and transport
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – HYDROGEN STORAGE & TRANSPORT Due to hydrogen very low volumetric energy density at ambient conditions, it needs to be conditioned before it can be practically stored and transported HYDROGEN CONDITIONING OPTIONS BEFORE STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OPTIONS CO
Slide 21: Hydrogen likely stored mainly in gaseous form
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – HYDROGEN STORAGE & TRANSPORT Hydrogen is likely to be stored predominantly in gaseous form, although metal hydrides may play a growing role LEVELIZED ADDED COST OF HYDROGEN STORAGE ENERGY LOST IN PROCESSING AND STORAGE $/MWh – ranges in literature In
Slide 22: Underground storage in salt caverns is mature
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – HYDROGEN STORAGE & TRANSPORT Underground storage in man-made salt caverns is a mature technology, but storage in aquifers and depleted oil and gas fields raises safety concerns UNDERGROUND RESERVOIRS SUITABLE FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE The best option for u
Slide 23: Decentralized hydrogen production minimizes transport costs
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – HYDROGEN STORAGE & TRANSPORT Decentralized hydrogen production is essential in order to minimize hydrogen- transportation costs SCHEMATIC LAYOUTS OF INTEGRATED PROJECTS Centralized Decentralized (Grid-connected power plant or regional hub near (Energy
Slide 24: Re-electrification via fuel cells or combustion turbines
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – RE-ELECTRIFICATION Hydrogen can be re-electrified in a direct electrochemical process, using fuel cells, but also using conventional thermal combustion turbines ENERGY FORMS IN THE TWO RE-ELECTRIFICATIONS PATHWAYS Hydrogen can be re-electrified usin
Slide 25: Poor round-trip efficiency of hydrogen re-electrification
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – RE-ELECTRIFICATION Hydrogen re-electrification results in poor round-trip efficiency, which is likely to impede its development in the short term LOSSES ALONG THE STORED HYDROGEN RE-ELECTRIFICATION VALUE CHAIN1 MWh, Based on a 100 MWh storage system w
Slide 26: Fuel cells for reliable, low-maintenance applications
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – RE-ELECTRIFICATION Fuel cells could yet be successful in applications where reliability and a low maintenance requirement are highly valued AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM FOR PV-POWERED TELECOM TOWER A REMOTE LOCATION Fuel-cell technologies are extremely reliabl
Slide 27: Power-to-gas links the natural gas grid with the power grid
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – POWER-TO-GAS Power-to-gas may change the rules of the energy game by linking the natural gas grid with the power grid PATHWAYS BETWEEN ENERGY CARRIERS Power-to-gas pathway in red P2G was conceived as a way of using the gas grid to store renewable el
Slide 28: Limits of hydrogen blending along the gas infrastructure
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – POWER-TO-GAS Although parts of the gas grid that do not feed critical appliances can tolerate up to 20% H2 by volume, setting national limits above 5vol.% will be difficult LIMIT OF HYDROGEN BLENDING ALONG THE NATURAL GAS INFRASTRUCTURE1 H2 concentrat
Slide 29: Hydrogen blending to monetize electricity surpluses
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – POWER-TO-GAS Hydrogen blending is an elegant early stage solution for monetizing electricity surpluses in countries with highly developed natural gas infrastructure ORDER OF MAGNITUDE OF GERMAN HYDROGEN BLENDING POTENTIAL AT 5VOL.% BLENDING1 0.04 Curr
Slide 30: Methanation produces synthetic natural gas
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – POWER-TO-GAS Methanation produces synthetic natural gas from H2 and CO2, which is not subject to blending-ratio limits POWER-TO-METHANE PROCESS: ILLUSTRATION WITH THE THERMOCHEMICAL ROUTE Pure CO2 captured from CO2 plant exhausts or air scrubbing CO2,
Slide 31: Biomethane plants as CO2 source for methanation
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – POWER-TO-GAS Biomethane feed-in plants are the best CO2 source for methanation, which is uneconomic without large sources of fatal CO2 SIMPLIFIED MASS FLOW CHART OF HYDROGEN-ENRICHED BIOMETHANE PLANT kg/h Electricity (1MWe) Electrolysis Waste Heat (23
Slide 32: Thermochemical vs biological methanation
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – POWER-TO-GAS There are two competing methanation processes: thermochemical catalysis and biological methanation METHANATION METHODS COMPARED4 Thermochemical catalysis Biological catalysis Comparative advantages • Technically more mature • Potentially
Slide 33: Synthetic liquid fuels from hydrogen and carbon
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – POWER-TO-LIQUID FUELS A number of synthetic liquid fuels can also be synthesized from hydrogen and carbon POWER-TO-SYNFUELS1 PATHWAYS FOR H-C-O SYNFUELS PRODUCTION CO2 HYDROGENATION OXYGENATED SYNFUELS Formic acid Formic acid synthesis (HCOOH) ELECTRO
Slide 34: Hydrogen is a vital molecule for mobility
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – HYDROGEN MOBILITY Hydrogen is a vital molecule for mobility THE ROLE OF HYDROGEN IN MOBILITY Present Future? FOSSIL FUELS SYNTHETIC FUELS PURE HYDROGEN FUEL1 Diesel and gasoline Biofuels Pure hydrogen carrier Increase hydrogen / carbon [H/C] ratio o
Slide 35: FCEVs back in the spotlight, with cost and infrastructure challenges
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – HYDROGEN MOBILITY FCEVs are back in the spotlight, but successful deployment depends on the cost of fuel cells and on solving the challenge of the hydrogen infrastructure roll-out BASIC CIRCUITS IN A FUEL-CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLE [FCEV] Honda, FCX Clarit
Slide 36: Hydrogen-enriched CNG vehicles may ease infrastructure challenge
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – HYDROGEN MOBILITY Hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas vehicles may provide solutions to the hydrogen infrastructure development challenge, and to cleaner mobility COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCES OF DIFFERENT BLENDS % of compressed natural gas vehicles [
Slide 37: Hydrogen industrial gas demand from chemicals and petrochemicals
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – INDUSTRIAL USES Hydrogen is an important industrial gas, with 87% of demand coming from the chemicals and petrochemicals industries ANNUAL WORLDWIDE HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION 2003 – 2016, million tons Industry is the largest consumer of hydrogen and Ammo
Slide 38: Electrolytic hydrogen and refineries
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – INDUSTRIAL USES Electrolytic hydrogen is unlikely to compete with steam methane reforming, but may provide refineries close to H2 equilibrium with additional operational flexibility DISTRIBUTION OF OIL FRACTIONS AND AVERAGE H/C RATIO1 % of weight of c
Slide 39: Small-scale ammonia production in remote locations
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE H2 VALUE CHAIN – INDUSTRIAL USES Small-scale ammonia production for fertilizers, coupled with distributed renewable production could make economic sense in remote locations PROTON VENTURE MINI WIND-TO-HYDROGEN PLANT1 COMPARED WITH SORFERT STEAM METHANE REFORMING FERTI
Slide 40: 3. Business cases
3. Business cases 39
Slide 41: Challenge is economic rather than technical
BUSINESS CASES – MONETIZING HYDROGEN CONVERSION The main challenge for hydrogen conversion is economic rather than technical: how to find a sustainable business case in an uncertain environment? END-MARKETS OF ELECTROLYTIC HYDROGEN Injection into the gas network is, so far, limited to feasibility st
Slide 42: Direct revenue streams from converting intermittent electricity to hydrogen
BUSINESS CASES – MONETIZING HYDROGEN CONVERSION The versatility of the hydrogen carriers opens the way to end-uses that valorize the power conversion to H2 as a service or the H2 produced as a feedstock EXAMPLES OF DIRECT REVENUE STREAMS FROM THE CONVERSION OF INTERMITTENT-SOURCE ELECTRICITY INTO HY
Slide 43: Feedstock applications with support mechanisms drive first developments
BUSINESS CASES – MONETIZING HYDROGEN CONVERSION Applications that valorize H2 as a feedstock and benefit from support mechanisms for low-carbon solutions are likely to drive the first hydrogen energy developments END-MARKET PRICES FOR H2 FEEDSTOCK IN GERMANY VS. NATURAL GAS ADAPTED FROM E.ON1 $/MWh
Slide 44: Remote areas and islands as testing grounds
BUSINESS CASES – MONETIZING HYDROGEN CONVERSION Remote areas and islands could act as testing grounds for the monetization of hydrogen services THE ROLE OF THE HYDROGEN ENERGY CARRIER IN THE ECOISLAND PROJECT, ISLE OF WIGHT (UK) Remote areas – i.e. communities not Renewable power production Smart
Slide 45: Many stakeholders complicate hydrogen conversion solutions
BUSINESS CASES – CHALLENGES Hydrogen conversion solutions are made more complex because they involve many stakeholders SIMPLIFIED STAKEHOLDER INTERACTIONS IN POWER-TO-GAS PATHWAYS IN GERMANY Physical flow ENERGY CAPTURE: POWER Transactions ENERGY STORAGE ENERGY TRANSPORT ENERGY VALORIZATION CONVERSI
Slide 46: Business models require further R&D on optimization tools
BUSINESS CASES – CHALLENGES Business models for conversion will require further R&D to develop optimization tools ILLUSTRATION OF ENERGY SYSTEM LAYOUT FROM SINGLE-SOURCE SINGLE-PRODUCT TO MULTIPLE-SOURCE MULTIPLE-PRODUCT 1 SINGLE-SOURCE 2 SINGLE-SOURCE 3 MULTI-SOURCE 4 MULTI-SOURCE SINGLE-PRODUCT MU
Slide 47: Business models are system- and application-specific
BUSINESS CASES – CHALLENGES The business models of electrolytic hydrogen solutions are inherently system- and application-specific POWER SYSTEM AND APPLICATION FACTORS INFLUENCING HYDROGEN BUSINESS CASES POWER SYSTEM-INFLUENCING FACTORS APPLICATIONS-INFLUENCING FACTORS Renewable Consumption profile
Slide 48: Environmental impact, safety & social acceptance
4. 5. Environmental impact, & Socialsafety Impacts & social acceptance 47
Slide 49: Few environmental challenges from hydrogen conversion
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, SAFETY & SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE The conversion of variable renewable electricity to hydrogen incurs few environmental challenges SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HYDROGEN-BASED STORAGE OF INTERMITTENT RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY The conversion of variable renewable electricity to hydro
Slide 50: Hydrogen safety challenges
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, SAFETY & SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE Handling hydrogen raises safety challenges that should not be underestimated SELECTIVE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND RISKS IN AIR OF HYDROGEN, METHANE AND GASOLINE Hydrogen raises safety issues because of its Properties in air Hydrogen Gasoline vapor Meth
Slide 51: International collaboration for regulation, codes and social acceptance
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, SAFETY & SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE International collaboration is essential for the development of harmonized regulation, codes and standards and to foster social acceptance STEPS TO A SOCIALLY ACCEPTED TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM Successful commercialization International collaboration is essen
Slide 52: 5. Outlooks
5. Outlooks 51
Slide 53: Hydrogen's value in converting renewable power to green energy carriers
OUTLOOKS The value of hydrogen-based energy solutions lies predominantly in their ability to convert renewable power into green chemical energy carriers ILLUSTRATIVE ROLE OF ELECTROLYTIC HYDROGEN AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN ELECTRON AND MOLECULAR-BASED ENERGY Synergies with carbon capture & storage & bio-en
Slide 54: No silver bullet for hydrogen-based storage solutions
OUTLOOKS There is no silver bullet for hydrogen-based storage solutions: end-use requirements must be matched with the features of individual energy systems SIMPLIFIED MATRIX OF KEY ENERGY-SYSTEM FACTORS, ORGANIZED BY HYDROGEN-SOLUTIONS Illustrative only POWER-TO- POWER-TO- POWER-TO-GAS POWER-TO-POW
Slide 55: Roadmap for hydrogen storage in Europe
OUTLOOKS In all cases, the deployment of hydrogen systems requires cost reductions and public support ILLUSTRATIVE ROADMAP FOR HYDROGEN-BASED ENERGY STORAGE SOLUTIONS IN EUROPE Hydrogen Development of hydrogen mobility consumption Increased need for large-scale TWh electricity storage Decreasing rol
Slide 56: Electrolysis and power-to-gas in the valley of death
OUTLOOKS Many individual, hydrogen-related technologies are technologically mature, but electrolysis and power-to-gas are in the “valley of death” COMMERCIAL MATURITY CURVE OF INTEGRATED HYDROGEN PROJECTS Legend Fuel cells (high temperature, large-scale, stationary)6 Water electrolysis (PEM) Fuel ce
Slide 57: Hydrogen storage projects still from commercial deployment
OUTLOOKS Hydrogen-based energy-storage projects are still a way from commercial deployment COMMERCIAL MATURITY CURVE OF INTEGRATED HYDROGEN PROJECTS Power-to-ammonia (on-site) 2 Power-to-H2 for refueling stations Power-to-methanol Electrolytic H2 production and use for niche applications (cooling fl
Slide 58: Public incentives to make hydrogen solutions self-sustaining
OUTLOOKS Public authorities have a wide variety of temporary incentives at their disposal to help transform hydrogen-based solutions into self-sustaining commercial activities ILLUSTRATION OF INCENTIVES AND REGULATION, CODES & STANDARD DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS Regulatory framework for Participation of st
Slide 59: Appendix & bibliography
Appendix & bibliography TO smu
Slide 60: Acronyms (1/2)
ACRONYMS Acronyms (1/2) AC/DC Alternating/Direct current FCHJU Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking AFC Alkaline fuel cell FIT Feed-in tariff API American Petroleum Institute GHG Greenhouse gas BM Balancing market H2ICE Hydrogen internal-combustion-engine vehicle BoP Balance of
Slide 61: Acronyms (2/2)
ACRONYMS Acronyms (2/2) LOHC Liquid organic hydrogen carrier RES Renewable electricity source MCFC Molten carbonate fuel cell RMFC Reformed-methanol fuel cell MtG Methanol-to-gas SMES Super-conducting magnetic energy storage NG Natural gas SMR Steam methane reforming NPV Net presen
Slide 62: Picture credits
ACRONYMS Picture credits Slide 3: Wind turbines from the West Wind Project, New Zealand, Siemens Slide 14: 2 MW electrolysis plant from E.ON’s Falkenhagen power-to-gas pilot plant (H2 injection into the local gas grid), Germany, Hydrogenics Slide 15: Rjukan 150 MW electrolysis plant, Norway, N
Slide 63: Bibliography (1/5)
BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography (1/5) 50 Hertz Data – Download from Website: Archive Wind Power (http://www.50hertz.com/en/1983.htm) and Archive Photovoltaics (http://www.50hertz.com/en/PV.htm) Andrew (2011), “Re-envisioning the role of hydrogen in a sustainable energy economy”, Andrew Reed Argonne
Slide 64: Bibliography (2/5)
BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography (2/5) E.ON (2013), “H2 in the economy - The strongest link in the energy chain?”, European Commission Workshop Proceedings, http://ec.europa.eu/energy/technology/events/20130426_h2_in_the_economy_en.htm Electric Power Research Institute – EPRI (2010), “Electricity Energ
Slide 65: Bibliography (3/5)
BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography (3/5) Gonzales et al. (2011),“Process comparison of biomass-to-liquid (BtL) routes Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and methanol to gasoline”, Maria Iglesias Gonzalez, Régis Edzang, Georg Schaub, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Graves et al. (2010), “Sustainable hydrocarbon
Slide 66: Bibliography (4/5)
BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography (4/5) Ma et al. (2010), “Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas as a Fuel for Engines”, Fanhua Ma, Nashay Naeve, Mingyue Wang, Long Jiang, Renzhe Chen and Shuli Zhao, Tsinghua University Mansilla et al. (2012), “Electric system management through hydrogen production –
Slide 67: Bibliography (5/5)
BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography (5/5) Siemens (2010), “Advanced hydrogen turbine development”, Joseph Fadok, presentation at UTSR workshop Siemens (2013), “H2 in the economy - The strongest link in the energy chain?”, European Commission Workshop Proceedings, http://ec.europa.eu/energy/technology/even
Slide 68: Authors and contact information
By Benoit Decourt, Bruno Lajoie, Romain Debarre and Olivier Soupa. For further information about SBC Energy Institute, please visit www.sbc.slb.com/SBCInstitute or contact us at [email protected] February 2014 ©2014 SBC Energy Institute. Permission is hereby granted to reproduce and distrib
SBC Energy Institute — Technical Presentation (February 2014) on 6ix