Mercer International Inc. · NASDAQ:MERC
Mercer International — PTS Fiber Symposium 2019
37 slides from Mercer International's conference presentation, Nov 27, 2019
Slide 1: Technology & Methods of Fibre Image Analyzers
Technology & Methods of Fibre Image Analyzers Dr. Sachin Badakh Dr.-Ing. Frank P. Meltzer 27. November 2019
Slide 2: Introduction
Introduction Technology: Camera Module Methods & Results Summary
Slide 3: Introduction
rN Introduction
Slide 4: Motivation
Motivation • There are many online as well as offline fibre image analyzers from different manufactures. • Over the time, devices evolved with change in camera technology. • Newer camera modules with higher resolution improved the detection of fines along with the fibres. • We performed a round robi
Slide 5: Goals
Goals • To investigate and compare the measurement techniques of new and older offline fibre morphology devices from two prominent manufacturers, Valmet and ABB- Lorentzen & Wettre. • To check the repeatability and reproducibility of fibre morphology devices across the laboratories. Source: ABB L&W;
Slide 6: Approach
Approach • Calibration with certified rayon fibres. • Preparation of sample: Pulp disintegration: according to ISO 5263-1: 2004; disintegration of chemical pulps. Pulps Test1 Test2 Softwood Region No. of Measurements NBSK1 Europe 10 10 NBSK2 Europe 5 - NBSK3 Canada 5 - Hardwood BHK4-Eucalyptus South
Slide 7: Overview of Participants
Overview of Participants ABB, L&W Fiber Tester Plus: 1. ABB Lorentzen-Wettre, Kista, Stockholm, Sweden. (also previous version L&W Fiber Tester) 2. Mercer Fibre Centre, Stendal, Germany. 3. Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technical University of Dresden. 4. Sappi Paper Holding GmbH, Gratk
Slide 8: Camera Module
rN Camera Module
Slide 9: Camera Module
Camera Module Camera specifications: L&W FT+ 2452 x 2054 L&W FT 1280 x 1024 Resolution Field of view Devices per pixel (pixels) L&W FT ~10 µm 1280 x 1024 L&W FT+ ~4 µm 2452 x 2054 Valmet FS5 HD ~6,5 µm 1296 x 966 Valmet FS5 UHD ~1 µm undisclosed Valmet ~6,5 µm 1296 x 966 Fractionator HD Source: ABB
Slide 10: Methods & Results
A Methods & Results
Slide 11: Fibre Count
Results: Fibre Count 1.000.000 (Total no. of Fibre Analyzed) 100.000 Fibre Count 10.000 1.000 NBSK1 BHK4 Rayon Fibres, 1 mm L&W FT+ A L&W FT+ B L&W FT+ C L&W FT+ D L&W FT Valmet FS5-UHD Valmet FS5 HD, A Valmet FS5 HD, B Valmet Fractionator PTS Faserstoff Symposium 2019, Dresden 11
Slide 12: Method: Fibre Length & Width
Method: Fibre Length & Width Fibre Length Settings (ISO): • Valmet : 0,2 mm < L < 7,0 mm. • L&W : 0,2 mm < L < 7,5 mm. Fibre Width Settings (ISO): • Valmet: 10 µm < W < 75 µm. • L&W : 10 µm < W < 75 µm. Source: ABB L&W & Valmet PTS Faserstoff Symposium 2019, Dresden 12
Slide 13: Fibre Length
Results: Fibre Length 2,5 2,0 Mean Fibre Length, mm (ISO-length-weighted) 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 NBSK1 BHK4 Rayon Fibres, 1 mm L&W FT+ A L&W FT+ B L&W FT+ C L&W FT+ D L&W FT Valmet FS5-UHD Valmet FS5 HD, A Valmet FS5 HD, B Valmet Fractionator PTS Faserstoff Symposium 2019, Dresden 13
Slide 14: Fibre Width
Results: Fibre Width 40 35 30 Mean Fibre Width, µm 25 20 15 10 5 0 NBSK1 BHK4 Rayon Fibres, 1 mm L&W FT+ A L&W FT+ B L&W FT+ C L&W FT+ D L&W FT Valmet FS5-UHD Valmet FS5 HD, A Valmet FS5 HD, B Valmet Fractionator The mean fiber width values are measured accurately with Valmet FS5 UHD. PTS Faserstoff
Slide 15: Method: Mean Fibre Curl
Method: Mean Fibre Curl Curl Index / Shape Factor / Form Factor: The curliness of the fibre is defined as the ratio of the true (contour) length to the projected length of the fibre. Valmet Old Formula: Fibre Curl, % = (Lc/Lp – 1) x 100 Valmet New Formula: Fibre Curl, % = (1 - Lp/Lc) x 100 L&W Formu
Slide 16: Results: Fibre Curl
Results: Fibre Curl 25 20 15 Fibre Curl, % 10 5 0 NBSK1 BHK4 Rayon Fibres, 1 mm L&W FT+ A L&W FT+ B L&W FT+ C L&W FT+ D L&W FT Valmet FS5-UHD Valmet FS5 HD, A Valmet FS5 HD, B Valmet Fractionator A lower fibre curl values are obtained with the new Valmet fibre curl formula. PTS Faserstoff Symposium
Slide 17: Method: Fibre Kinks & Mean Kink Angle
Method: Fibre Kinks & Mean Kink Angle Minimum Kink Angle: The local directional changes in the fibres with greater than min kink angle, θ° are counted as kinks. • L&W : min kink angle, θ > 20° • Valmet : min kink angle, θ > 15° Minimum Segment Length: • L&W: Source: ABB L&W & Valmet min segment leng
Slide 18: Results: Fibre Kink
Results: Fibre Kink 3500 3000 2500 2000 Kinks, 1/m 1500 1000 500 0 NBSK1 BHK4 Rayon Fibres, 1 mm L&W FT+ A L&W FT+ B L&W FT+ C L&W FT+ D L&W FT Valmet FS5-UHD Valmet FS5 HD, A Valmet FS5 HD, B Valmet Fractionator A large number of fibre kink are detected with the new Valmet UHD. PTS Faserstoff Sympo
Slide 19: Results: Mean Kink Angle
Results: Mean Kink Angle 60 50 40 Kink Angle, ° 30 20 10 0 NBSK1 BHK4 Rayon Fibres, 1 mm L&W FT+ A L&W FT+ B L&W FT+ C L&W FT+ D L&W FT Valmet FS5-UHD Valmet FS5 HD, A Valmet FS5 HD, B Valmet Fractionator The L&W FTs calculated higher mean kink angle values than Valmet devices, due to the difference
Slide 20: Gravimetric Coarseness
Results: Gravimetric Coarseness 300 250 Gravimetric Coarseness, µg/m 200 150 100 50 0 NBSK1 BHK4 L&W FT+ A L&W FT+ B L&W FT+ C L&W FT+ D L&W FT Valmet FS5-UHD Valmet FS5 HD, A PTS Faserstoff Symposium 2019, Dresden 20
Slide 21: Method: Fibrillation
Method: Fibrillation • The surface fibril on the fibres are analysed and presented with Valmet devices as fibrillation (%), while for L&W as fibril perimeter (%). • There are differences in calculation of mean fibrillation (%), the basis formula is the same, higher weighting for fibrils of longer fi
Slide 22: Fibrillation
Results: Fibrillation Valmet – Fibrillation, L&W – Fibril Perimeter 3,0 2,5 Fibrillation/ Fibril Perimeter, % 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 NBSK1 BHK4 Rayon Fibres, 1 mm L&W FT+ A L&W FT+ B L&W FT+ C L&W FT+ D Valmet FS5-UHD Valmet FS5 HD, A Valmet FS5 HD, B Valmet Fractionator The fibril perimeter can only b
Slide 23: Method: Fines Content
Method: Fines Content Valmet devices classify fines as: • Mean Fines, length < 0,2 mm arithmetic distribution • Fines A, Dust like fines (proportion from total fibre area, length < 0,2 mm & width < 0,2 mm). • Fines B, Lamel like long fines (proportion from total fibre length, width < 10 µm, and leng
Slide 24: Method: Fines Content
Method: Fines Content L&W devices classify fines as: • Mean Fines, % (length-weighted) = Fines P + Fines S, 0,01 mm < length < 0,2 mm. • Fines S, %; finer fines (Length-weighted), 0,01 mm < length < 0,1 mm & width > length). • Fines P, % coarse fines (Mean Fines - Fines S). 100 90 80 70 W >L Width,
Slide 25: Mean Fines
Results: Mean Fines 25 20 Mean Fines, % (length-weighted) 15 10 5 0 NBSK1 BHK4 Rayon Fibres, 1 mm L&W FT+ A L&W FT+ B L&W FT+ C L&W FT+ D L&W FT Valmet FS5-UHD Valmet FS5 HD, A Valmet FS5 HD, B Valmet Fractionator Device Settings: L&W FTs, mean fines (%) 0,01 mm < length < 0,2mm Valmet, F1(l) (%) 0,
Slide 26: Coarse Fines
Results: Coarse Fines L&W – Fines P 10 9 8 7 Fines P, % (length-weighted) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NBSK1 BHK4 Rayon Fibres, 1 mm L&W FT+ A L&W FT+ B L&W FT+ C L&W FT+ D The fines class P can only be measured with new L&W Fiber Tester Plus PTS Faserstoff Symposium 2019, Dresden 26
Slide 27: Finer Fines
Results: Finer Fines L&W – Fines S 14 12 10 Fines S, % (length-weighted) 8 6 4 2 0 NBSK1 BHK4 Rayon Fibres, 1 mm L&W FT+ A L&W FT+ B L&W FT+ C L&W FT+ D The fines class S can only be measured with new L&W Fiber Tester Plus PTS Faserstoff Symposium 2019, Dresden 27
Slide 28: Coarse Fines
Results: Coarse Fines Valmet – Fines A 16 14 12 Fines A, % (Area-weighted) 10 8 6 4 2 0 NBSK1 BHK4 Rayon Fibres, 1 mm Valmet FS5-UHD Valmet FS5 HD, A Valmet FS5 HD, B Valmet Fractionator PTS Faserstoff Symposium 2019, Dresden 28
Slide 29: Finer Fines
Results: Finer Fines Valmet – Fines B 80 70 60 Fines B, % (length-weighted) 50 40 30 20 10 0 NBSK1 BHK4 Rayon Fibres, 1 mm Valmet FS5-UHD Valmet FS5 HD, A Valmet FS5 HD, B Valmet Fractionator The UHD detects fiber width more accurate, therefore more thin particles go to fibre class and hence lower F
Slide 30: Influence of Fibre Sample Concentration
Influence of Fibre Sample Concentration Fibre morphology measurements with L&W FT+ for NBSK1: Mean Length, Mean Fines, Mean Fibril L-weighted L-weighted Perimter (%) Fibre Count (mm) (%) 24000 2,4 28 8 Fibre Count Mean Fines Mean Fibre Length Mean Fibril Perimeter R² = 0,935 20000 2,3 26 7 R² = 0,99
Slide 31: Summary
rN Summary
Slide 32: Summary: Repeatability
Summary: Repeatability Coefficient of Variation (CV, %) for NBSK1 ISO 16065-2:2014: unrefined softwood; Mean Fibre Length, CV= 1,3 % Mean Mean Fibrillation/ Fiber Morphology Fiber Fiber Gravimetric Mean Kink Fiber Fiber Fibril Kinks Device Count Curl Coarseness Fines Angle Length Width Perimeter L&W
Slide 33: Summary: Repeatability
Summary: Repeatability Coefficient of Variation (CV, %) for BHK4 ISO 16065-2:2014: unrefined hardwood; Mean Fibre Length, CV= 7,1 % Mean Mean Fibrillation/ Fiber Morphology Fiber Fiber Gravimetric Mean Kink Fiber Fiber Fibril Kinks Device Count Curl Coarseness Fines Angle Length Width Perimeter L&W
Slide 34: Summary: Reproducibility
Summary: Reproducibility ISO 16065-2:2014; unrefined softwood; mean fibre length, CV= 5,2 % unrefined hardwood; mean fibre length, CV= 8,2 % L&W FT Plus (4 devices) Valmet FS5 HD (2 devices) Fiber Morphology Parameters NBSK1 BHK4 NBSK1 BHK4 Mean CV Mean CV Mean CV Mean CV Mean Fiber Length mm 2,21 4
Slide 35: Summary
Summary • The fines are detected better with devices with higher resolution camera module, this is true for both manufactures. • The methods used to calculate mean fines and fines classification by Valmet and ABB L&W devices are different, direct comparison is not possible. • Along with the fines, t
Slide 36: Summary
Summary • The new Valmet curl formula calculates lower curl value, but it is in line with L&W shape factor. • The users have a choice as both formula can be used in the Valmet devices, in order to match older data. • We observed a disparity in the fibre count especially for L&W FT+ devices, similar
Slide 37: Mercer Pulp Products GmbH
Mercer Pulp Products GmbH www.mercerpulp.com Phone: +49 30 3064 710| Fax: (+49) 30 3064 7199 Charlottenstrasse 59, 10117 Berlin, Germany Copyright© 2019 Mercer International Inc.