Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. · TSE:7011
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries — 1st QP – JCCP Joint Environment Symposium 2007
24 slides from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries's conference presentation, February 2007
Slide 1: Flue Gas CO2 Capture, EOR Application and the Role of CDM
1st QP – JCCP Joint Environment Symposium, February 5-7 2007 Sustainable Development & Climate Change FLUE GAS CO2 CAPTURE, EOR APPLICATION AND THE ROLE OF CDM Masaki Iijima & Ronald Mitchell Group Manager – CO2/EOR Project Group Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Slide 2: Contents
Contents PART I INTRODUCTION PART II KM-CDR PROCESS - Features / design / process - Process comparison MEA v KS-1 - Experience / delivery record PART III Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) - Background of EOR - Concept - Economic evaluation - Kyoto Protocol and CDM PART IV CONSIDERATIONS
Slide 3: Introduction
Introduction ¾ Climate change is rapidly becoming the most important issue facing humanity – see ‘Stern Review’ (Oct 2006) ¾ Many recent examples to demonstrate global warming is a real and potentially devastating phenomenon ¾ Economic and industrial expansion in developing nations – GHG emissions w
Slide 4: KM-CDR Process using KS-1 solvent
KM-CDR Process using KS-1 solvent Flue Gas Outlet CO2 Purity : 99.9 % ABSORBER STRIPPER (Regenerator) C.W. Flue Gas Cooler C.W. Flue Gas C.W. Reboiler Steam
Slide 5: Amine Reaction Mechanism
Amine Reaction Mechanism z Mono-ethanol Amine (MEA) 2 R-NH2 + CO2 R-NH3+ + R-NH-COO- R-NH2 + CO2 + H2O R-NH3+ + HCO3- Less solvent z Sterically Hindered Amine (KS-1) use 2 R-NH2 + CO2 R-NH3+ + R-NH-COO- R-NH2 + CO2 + H2O R-NH3+ + HCO3- # Key feature is KS-1 amine requires only 1 mole to react with 1
Slide 6: Solubility of CO2 in KS-1 and MEA Solution
Solubility of CO2 in KS-1 and MEA Solution Regeneration Region MEA KS-1 CO 2 Partial Pressure Higher CO2 loading More efficient regeneration Absorption Region 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 CO 2 Loading (mol.CO 2 /mol.Amine)
Slide 7: Heat of Dissociation (Heat of Absorption)
Heat of Dissociation (Heat of Absorption) MEA KS-1 Heat of Dissociation Less heat required 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 CO 2 Loading (mol.CO 2/mol.Amine)
Slide 8: Heat Stable Salts: Deteriorated Product of MEA and KS-1
3. MHI’s CO2 Capture Technology Confidenti al Deteriorated Product of MEA and KS-1 +4 KS-1 Commercial KS-1 Pilot HEAT STABLE SALTS (wt%) +3 MEA Pilot +2 +1 Less HSS formed Base 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 RUNNING TIME (hours)
Slide 9: Corrosion Test Result
Corrosion Test Result (Unit : mils per year) Test 1 Test 2 MEA 93.0 76.4 MEA + inhibitor 9.5 8.3 KS-1 3.1 3.6 Test condition : 130°C, in the presence of O2 Less corrosion
Slide 10: Process Comparison
Process Comparison MEA KS-1 Solution Circulation Rate 1 0.6 Regeneration Energy 1 0.68 Degradation of the Solvent 1 0.1 Solvent Loss 1 0.1 Corrosion Inhibitor YES NO
Slide 11: Advantages of KM-CDR Process
Advantages of KM-CDR Process ¾ High CO2 loading ¾ Low generation energy KS-1 Solvent ¾ Negligible corrosion ¾ Minimal solvent degradation ¾ Low utility and solvent consumption Process ¾ Easy operation and maintenance Economy ¾ Minimal operation costs ¾ Scale of economy by large scale unit
Slide 12: MHI's CO2 Recovery Technology
MHI’s CO2 Recovery Technology ¾ World’s most advanced and comprehensive industrial R&D programs (commenced in 1990 and ongoing) ¾ KEPCO & MHI‘s proprietary flue gas CO2 capture Technology commercially applied since 1998 ¾ The ‘Complete Solution’ - hindered amine solvent “KS-1” with accompanying prop
Slide 13: Evolution of KM-CDR Process R&D programs
Evolution of KM-CDR Process R&D programs Evolution 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Nanko Pilot Plant (2 T/D) R&D for Process Improvement 1 T/D Pilot Test Completed Long Term Demo. Plant Coal Fired Flue Gas Application Test Starts Large Scale Demonstration 1 T/D Pilot Plan
Slide 14: Delivery Record KM-CDR Process
Delivery Record KM-CDR Process Location Status Year T/D CO2 Product (Fuel) Malaysia On Stream 1999 ~ 200 Urea (Steam reformer) Japan On Stream 2005 ~ 330 General use (Nat. gas & Oil) India On Stream Dec 2006 ~ 450 (x2) Urea (Nat. gas) UAE FEED - 400 Urea (Nat. gas) completed China FEED - 800 Methano
Slide 15: Example: Commercial Project in Malaysia
Example: Commercial Project in Malaysia Plant Outline ¾ Client : Petronas Fertilizer (Keda) Sdn. Bhd. ¾ Capacity : 200 T/D (Max.) ¾ Solvent : KS-1 ¾ Feed Gas : Steam Reformer Flue System Gas ¾ Use of CO2 : Urea Production ¾ Start-up : 1999
Slide 16: What is EOR?
What is EOR? ¾ Enhanced Oil Recovery is a process whereby additional oil is recovered or ‘produced’ from an oil reservoir through use of tertiary means. Primary Recovery Artificial Lift Natural Flow Secondary Pump, Gas Lift, Other Recovery Conventional Oil Recovery Pressure Maintenance Water Flood D
Slide 17: Concept of CO2 Recovery for EOR
Concept of CO2 Recovery for EOR CO2 Recovery Plant Thermal Power Plant Clients Own Oil Field
Slide 18: CO2 Injection and Recycling System
CO2 Injection and Recycling System Compression & Dehydration CO2 20-30% Thermal Power CO2 Natural Gas CO2 CO2 Plant Compressor Recycle Capture Plant NGL Separator CO2 Injection Production Well Well Tank 100% Crude Oil Cap Rock Gas CO2 Crude Oil Oil Reservoir
Slide 19: EOR in Gulf Coast Countries – WHY?
EOR in Gulf Coast Countries – WHY? Large number of oil fields >2300 Billion stb STOIIP 950 Billion stb recoverable reserves 235 fields with STOIIP >1000 MMstb Highly suitable regional storage sites Regional reliance on ‘cheap’, local fossil fuels for power generation Recent industriali
Slide 20: CCS Site Suitability in the Gulf Region
CCS Site Suitability in the Gulf Region Highly suitable CO2 storage sites Source: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Slide 21: EOR Economic Case Study
EOR Economic Case Study Revenue Cost 4200 T/D CO2 Injection 5 MSCFD/bbl (US Case) 16 thousand bbl/day Case 1 Case 2 365days/year x 90% @$19/T @$47.5/T 5.3 Million bbl/year $80k/day $200k/day @US$30 and $60/bbl 365days/year x 90% US $158 US $316 US $26.3 US $65.7 Mill./Y Mill./Y Mill./Y Mill./Y Addit
Slide 22: The Kyoto Protocol and the CDM
The Kyoto Protocol and the CDM ¾ The Kyoto Protocol commits Annex I countries to individual targets to limit or reduce their greenhouse gas emissions during the first commitment period from 2008 to 2012 ¾ EU started CO2 emission trading scheme (ETS) from January 2005 and price has fluctuated widely
Slide 23: Gulf Coast Countries and Japan: CDM leads to win-win
Gulf Coast Countries and Japan CDM leads to win-win ¾ CDM project development will further enhance the strong business relationship between GCCs and Japan leading to a win-win situation ¾ CDM projects Benefit both developing and Annex 1 countries, HOW? Japan – energy security & supply, generating em
Slide 24: Considerations
CONSIDERATIONS Critical factors in promoting CO2 EOR and CCS ¾ Recognition that ‘cheap oil’ era has ended. We must maximize the use and efficiency of our existing energy resources ¾ ‘Science rich’ data confirming global warming is real ¾ Future ‘formal’ recognition of CCS projects as greenhouse gas
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