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Tennessee Valley Authority — Technical Presentation (August 2011)
23 slides from Tennessee Valley Authority's technical presentation, August 2011
Slide 1: Assessing the Risks to Fish Reproduction from the TVA-Kingston Fossil Plant Fly Ash Release
Assessing the Risks to Fish Reproduction from the TVA- Kingston Fossil Plant Fly Ash Release TVA-Kingston Fly Ash Release Environmental Research Symposium August, 2011 Mark S. Greeley1, S. Marshall Adams1, Tyler F. Baker2, Logan R. Elmore1, Mary K. McCracken1, and Rick M. Sherrard2 1 Oak Ridge Natio
Slide 2: Why the Concern for Fish Reproduction?
Why the Concern for Fish Reproduction? • Reproduction is a key link between the potential effects of fly ash on individual fish and on populations • Metals that are enriched in fly ash (for example Se, Hg, As) can have adverse effects on fish reproduction • Selenium in particular has been shown to b
Slide 3: Fish Reproduction Studies Associated with the Kingston Fly Ash Release
Fish Reproduction Studies Associated with the Kingston Fly Ash Release • Field studies (spring 2009 - 2011) of fish reproductive condition in the Emory and Clinch Rivers • Short-term laboratory tests involving direct exposure of fish embryos to fly ash • Longer-term laboratory studies involving dire
Slide 4: Field Studies of Fish Reproductive Condition: Objectives and Study Design
Field Studies of Fish Reproductive Condition: Objectives and Study Design • Conducted with spring monitoring of fish health and bioaccumulation 2009- 2011 at five primary study sites (see following slide for locations) • Female fish sampled at the beginning of their respective breeding seasons • Met
Slide 5: Study Sites for Field Studies of Fish Reproductive Condition
Study Sites for Field Studies of Fish Reproductive Condition 5 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
Slide 6: Bluegill Sunfish Reproductive Condition Spring 2009: Ovary Size
Bluegill Sunfish Reproductive Condition Spring 2009: Ovary Size 16 GSI 14 c Gonado-Somatic Index 12 Bluegill Sunfish Photo by Richard T. Bryant 10 a a Low GSI = small ovary 8 a 6 b 4 2 0 High GSI = large ovary ERM 8.0 ERM 3.0 ERM 0.9 CRM 8.0 CRM 1.5 Examples above of sunfish with a high GSI (prespaw
Slide 7: Bluegill Sunfish Reproductive Condition Spring 2009: Fecundity
Bluegill Sunfish Reproductive Condition Spring 2009: Fecundity 160 c 100 Vitellogenic c Batch 140 Oocytes Fecundity Vitellogenic oocytes/ g fish 80 120 Oocytes/g fish 100 b,c b 60 80 a,b a,b,c a,b 60 40 a,b a a 40 20 20 0 0 ERM 8.0 ERM 3.0 ERM 0.9 CRM 8.0 CRM 1.5 ERM 8.0 ERM 3.0 ERM 0.9 CRM 8.0 CRM
Slide 8: Bluegill Sunfish Reproductive Condition Spring 2009: Oocyte Viability
Bluegill Sunfish Reproductive Condition - Spring 2009: Oocyte Viability 2.5 Atresia a 2.0 Atretic oocytes/g fish a 1.5 a 1.0 a 0.5 a Picture of oocytes from a sunfish ovary illustrating the appearance of normal vitellogenic oocytes, an atretic oocyte, and a parasitic cyst present along with the oocy
Slide 9: Field Studies of Fish Reproductive Condition: Status
Field Studies of Fish Reproductive Condition: Status • Ovary samples collected through 2011 • Ovary samples through 2010 analyzed • Data for 2009-2010 being compiled and statistically analyzed for September 2011 reporting 9 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
Slide 10: Short-term Laboratory Tests of the Effects of Fly Ash on Fish Early Development
Short-term Laboratory Tests of the Effects of Fly Ash on Fish Early Development • Tested effects of direct contact exposure to fly ash on fish early development in experimental exposures • Tests were modified fathead minnow 7-day embryo-larval toxicity tests conducted for 7-days through yolk-sac abs
Slide 11: Collection Sites for Sediment Tested by Fathead Minnow Embryo-Larval Bioassays
Collection Sites for Sediment Tested by Fathead Minnow Embryo-Larval Bioassays Sample A = 67% ash Sample B = 75% ash Sample C = 78% ash Sample D = 46% ash 11 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
Slide 12: Results of Fathead Minnow Embryo-Larval Tests
Results of Fathead Minnow Embryo-Larval Tests 120 Control Reference 100 % Survival minus Terrata Fly Ash 80 * Embryos on ash 60 40 20 0 No significant differences A B Sample C D between controls and fly ash-exposed embryos Note: Test based on EPA method 1001.0, modified for fly ash testing; terrata
Slide 13: Short-term Laboratory Tests: Status
Short-term Laboratory Tests of the Effects of Fly Ash on Fish Early Development: Status • Bioassays completed summer 2010 • Draft report June 2011 • Finalized report expected August 2011 13 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
Slide 14: Long-term Experimental Exposures of Fish to Fly Ash in the Laboratory
Long-term Experimental Exposures of Fish to Fly Ash in the Laboratory • Can fish survive and reproduce on fly ash? • Evaluate the chronic toxicity to adult fish and their young from direct exposures to fly ash • Bluegill sunfish was original target species, but male fish in particular kept ash unacc
Slide 15: Egg Production per Aquaria per 2 to 3-Day Collection Period
Egg Production per Aquaria per 2 to 3-Day Collection Period (Preliminary Results of Ongoing Study) 700 Control Reference Sediment Fly Ash 600 Mean Egg Production 500 400 300 200 100 0 2 4 12 15 18 1 5 8 13 19 3 7 11 14 17 Aquarium 15 Managed by UT-Battelle 2-mo exposures for the U.S. Department of E
Slide 16: Percent Non-Viable Eggs
Percent Non-Viable Eggs 40 Control Reference Sediment Fly Ash % Non-Viable Eggs 30 20 10 0 2 4 12 15 18 1 5 8 13 19 3 7 11 14 17 Aquarium Interval from 1 mo - 2 mo 16 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
Slide 17: Long-term Experimental Exposures of Fish to Fly Ash: Status
Long-term Experimental Exposures of Fish to Fly Ash in the Laboratory: Status • Adult exposures and reproduction monitoring completed January 2011 • Embryo-larval testing completed February 2011 • Reproduction/developmental data still being compiled and statistically analyzed • Metals currently bein
Slide 18: Field Evaluation of Incidences of Developmental Abnormalities in Larval Fish
Field Evaluation of Incidences of Developmental Abnormalities in Larval Fish • TVA project (see Tyler Baker for details) • Incidences of developmental abnormalities are being assessed in larval fish sampled from the Emory and Clinch Rivers • Focus is on the detection of non-lethal developmental abno
Slide 19: In vitro Spawning Trials
In vitro Spawning Trials Redear sunfish • Objectives: evaluate potential food chain effects and/or maternally-transferred developmental toxicity in fish exposed to fly ash in the Emory and Clinch Rivers • Fish collected from field sites were spawned in vitro during the spring 2011 breeding season (p
Slide 20: Study Sites for In Vitro Spawning Studies
Study Sites for In Vitro Spawning Studies 20 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
Slide 21: In vitro Spawning Trials: Status
In vitro Spawning Trials: Status • 51 female redear sunfish were spawned in vitro between May 11and June 1, 2011 from ERM 8, ERM 3, ERM 0.9, CRM 8, and CRM 1.5 • Sufficient bluegill sunfish with eggs or mature ovaries could not be collected • Redear eggs were fertilized with pooled milt from males c
Slide 22: Summary of Fish Reproduction Studies Associated with the Kingston Fly Ash Release
Summary of Fish Reproduction Studies Associated with the Kingston Fly Ash Release • No evidence to date of significant reproductive impairment in fish in the Emory and Clinch Rivers • Some potentially significant 2010 data (from redear sunfish in particular) are still being analyzed • Direct exposur
Slide 23: Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements • This research was sponsored by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL is managed by UT- Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05- 00OR22725 • Numerous TVA personnel and subcontractors provided
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